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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4533)

  • GC79633 structure
    GC79633trans-Caffeic aldehyde
    CAS: 141632-15-7
    Purity: >98%

    Trans-Caffeic aldehyde is a type of phenylpropanoid compound, which was discovered in the secondary metabolites of the actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica.

  • GC79634 structure
    GC79634N-Methylnorsalsolinol
    CAS: 37491-98-8
    Purity: >99.50%

    N-Methylnorsalsolinol is an endogenous MPTP -like compound.

  • GC79635 structure
    GC796353-Methylundecane
    CAS: 1002-43-3
    Purity: >98.00%

    3-Methylundecane is a volatile compound that can be isolated from the Panax ginseng essential oil [1] .

  • GC79636 structure
    GC79636(RS)-Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate
    Purity: >98%

    (RS) -Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate is an intermediate in the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis pathway for the de novo synthesis of R-pantothenate (vitamin B5) from valine in plants and microorganisms.

  • GC79637 structure
    GC79637L-Indole-3-lactic acid
    CAS: 7417-65-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    L-Indole-3-lactic acid is an L (-)-tryptophan metabolite found in strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and also an indole-based antioxidant.

  • GC79638 structure
    GC79638Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
    CAS: 3040-56-0
    Purity: >97.00%

    Bis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) is an organophosphate esters (OPEs).

  • GC79639 structure
    GC79639Putreanine dihydrochloride
    CAS: 27561-79-1
    Purity: >99.50%

    Putreanine dihydrochloride is an alkaline diamino monocarboxylic acid amino acid that exists exclusively in the central nervous system of mammals and birds.

  • GC79640 structure
    GC79640Glu-Cys
    CAS: 21566-73-4
    Purity: >95.50%

    Glu-Cys (Glutamyl-cysteine; PSSGlu-Cys) is a dipeptide composed of L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine joined by a peptide linkage [1] .

  • GC79641 structure
    GC796412-Hydroxy L-tryptophan hydrochloride
    CAS: 881025-90-7
    Purity: >98%

    2-Hydroxy L-tryptophan hydrochloride is a naturally found amino acid that serves as a precursor to serotonin.

  • GC79642 structure
    GC79642N-(E-4-Coumaroyl)-aspartate
    CAS: 151435-24-4
    Purity: >98%

    N-(E-4-Coumaroyl)-aspartate is a hydroxycinnamic acid amide compound that can be isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures.

  • GC79643 structure
    GC796436β-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol
    CAS: 3583-03-7
    Purity: >96.00%

    6β-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol (6β-Hydroxyestradiol) is a hydroxyestrogen metabolite.

  • GC79644 structure
    GC79644AG-1801
    CAS: 204010-55-9
    Purity: >99.50%

    AG-1801, a nitrobenzopyridine derivative, is a tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor.

  • GC79645 structure
    GC79645Acinetobactin
    CAS: 160472-93-5
    Purity: >98%

    Acinetobactin is a bifunctional siderophore secreted by Acinetobacter baumannii that competitively binds ferric iron ions.

  • GC79646 structure
    GC79646Trehalulose
    CAS: 51411-23-5
    Purity: >98%

    Trehalulose is a microbial metabolite and a beneficial structural isomer of Sucrose.

  • GC79647 structure
    GC796475-Taurinomethyluridine
    CAS: 497258-53-4
    Purity: >98%

    5-Taurinomethyluridine is a taurine-containing modified uridine and translation regulator that exists in Trp and Leu (UUR) tRNAs of mammalian mitochondria.

  • GC79648 structure
    GC79648N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium
    Purity: >98.50%

    N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium is a nucleoside metabolite [1] .

  • GC79649 structure
    GC796495β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium
    CAS: 24136-02-5
    Purity: >99.50%

    5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium is a steroid sulfate found in human urine and plasma [1] .

  • GC79650 structure
    GC79650(3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid
    CAS: 23740-16-1
    Purity: >98%

    (3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid (compound (25S)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA) is a Ursodeoxycholic Acid precursor.

  • GC79651 structure
    GC796513-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled
    Purity: >98.00%

    3-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled the biotin labeled 3-Indoleacetic acid.

  • GC79652 structure
    GC796523-aceCA
    CAS: 7432-73-7
    Purity: >99.00%

    3-aceCA is an orally active 3 α -O-acetyl cholic acid derivative and monoacylated bile acid.

  • GC79653 structure
    GC79653ProAX
    CAS: 2978687-02-2
    Purity: >98.50%

    ProAX is an AXP prodrug which enhances intracellular ATP levels without inducing cytotoxicity.

  • GC79654 structure
    GC79654Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium
    Purity: >98.00%

    Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium is a metabolite of Formononetin and can be absorbed and metabolized through the intestine [1] [2] .

  • GC79655 structure
    GC79655Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium
    CAS: 75672-22-9
    Purity: >98%

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium is a type of steroid glucuronide and a plasma metabolite that can be used in the research of biomarkers for diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

  • GC79656 structure
    GC79656C26-Dihydro ceramide
    CAS: 182362-38-5
    Purity: >98%

    C26-Dihydro ceramide is a dihydroceramide containing a C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.