5'-pGpG (sodium salt) (Synonyms: c-di-GMP Control, Cyclic di-GMP Negative Control)

5'-pGpG is a linearized form of cyclic di-GMP, a bacterial second messenger that activates the host innate immune system through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).^1,2,3 It is a metabolite of cyclic di-GMP formed via hydrolysis by various phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that binds to the cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch with reduced affinity compared to cyclic di-GMP.^4,5 5'-pGpG is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-GMP signaling.

1.Burdette, D.L., Monroe, K.M., Sotelo-Troha, K., et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMPNature478(7370)515-518(2011) 2.Parvatiyar, K., Zhang, Z., Teles, R.M., et al.DDX41 recognizes bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune responseNat. Immunol.13(12)1155-1161(2012) 3.RÖmling, U., Galperin, M.Y., and Gomelsky, M.Cyclic di-GMP: The first 25 years of a universal bacterial second messengerMicrobiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.77(1)1-52(2013) 4.RÖmling, U., Galperin, M.Y., and Gomelsky, M.Cyclic di-GMP: The first 25 years of a universal bacterial second messengerMicrobiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.77(1)1-52(2013) 5.Smith, K.D., Lipchock, S.V., and Strobel, S.A.Structural and biochemical characterization of linear dinucleotide analogues bound to the c-di-GMP-I aptamerBiochemistry51(1)425-432(2012)