Colivelin

Colivelin (CLN) is A brain-permeable neuroprotective peptide that has effective long-term effects on Aβ deposition, neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity defects in neurodegenerative diseases. Colivelin is a STAT3 activator.

MFG-E8 regulated OGD-induced microglial M1/M2 polarization by inhibiting p-STAT3 and SOCS3 expressions, which was reversed by STAT3 activator (Colivelin TFA)^[6]. The administration of the STAT3 activator colivelin could offset the inhibitory effect of RPN2 silencing on the survival and apoptosis of NPC cells^[9].

Colivelin as a potent synthetic humanin derivative, is a potential therapeutic compound to restore endothelial stability and improve outcomes of sepsis^[1]. In vivo animal studies have further indicated that intracerebroventricular administration of Colivelin not only completely suppresses impairment in spatial working memory induced by repetitive intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-42, but also it antagonizes neuronal loss in the CA1 region of hippocampus induced by hippocampal injection of Abeta1-42^[2]. Histological analysis demonstrated increased motoneuronal survival in spinal cords of Colivelin-treated mice as compared with saline- or ADNF-treated mice, indicating that Colivelin is a promising neurotrophic peptide for treatment of ALS^[3]. Colivelin blocked the alcohol-induced decline in brain weight and prevented alcohol-induced: apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and increases of cytosolic cytochrome c, and decreases of mitochondrial cytochrome c Analysis of proteins in the upstream signaling pathway revealed that CLN down-regulated the phosphorylation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase^[4]. Colivelin administration decreased the neurological deficits and infarct lesion induced by brain ischemia. Colivelin inhibited axonal damage and neuronal death in brain tissue, which was associated with elevated anti-apoptotic gene expression in ischemic neurons as well as increased axonal growth up until two-weeks post-stroke^[5]. Colivelin has strong neuroprotective effects on learning and memory behaviors in APP/PS1 mice and that this behavioral improvement is closely associated with the reduction of Aβ deposition and alleviation of LTP suppression in the hippocampus, supporting the potential of CLN for the prevention and treatment of AD^[7]. Intrahippocampal injection of colivelin (0.2 nmol) effectively prevented Aβ25-35 (4 nmol)-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory of rats in Morris water maze test; the suppression of in vivo hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) by Aβ25-35 was nearly completely prevented by CLN; in addition, CLN pretreatment also effectively inhibited Aβ25-35-induced calcium overload in primary cultured hippocampal neurons^[8].

References:
[1]. Urban C, Hayes HV, et,al. Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of humanin, ameliorates endothelial injury and glycocalyx shedding after sepsis in mice. Front Immunol. 2022 Sep 2;13:984298. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984298. PMID: 36119052; PMCID: PMC9478210.
[2]. Chiba T, Yamada M, et,al. Development of a femtomolar-acting humanin derivative named colivelin by attaching activity-dependent neurotrophic factor to its N terminus: characterization of colivelin-mediated neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults in vitro and in vivo. J Neurosci. 2005 Nov 2;25(44):10252-61. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3348-05.2005. PMID: 16267233; PMCID: PMC6725789.
[3]. Chiba T, Yamada M, et,al. Colivelin prolongs survival of an ALS model mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 May 12;343(3):793-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.184. Epub 2006 Mar 10. PMID: 16564029.
[4]. Sari Y, Chiba T, et,al. A novel peptide, colivelin, prevents alcohol-induced apoptosis in fetal brain of C57BL/6 mice: signaling pathway investigations. Neuroscience. 2009 Dec 29;164(4):1653-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.049. Epub 2009 Sep 25. PMID: 19782727; PMCID: PMC2783970.
[5]. Zhao H, Feng Y, et,al. Colivelin Rescues Ischemic Neuron and Axons Involving JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience. 2019 Sep 15;416:198-206. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.020. Epub 2019 Jul 30. PMID: 31374230.
[6]. Fang YY, Zhang JH. MFG-E8 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal cell apoptosis by STAT3 regulating the selective polarization of microglia. Int J Neurosci. 2021 Jan;131(1):15-24. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732971. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32098538.
[7]. Wu M, Shi H, et,al. Colivelin Ameliorates Impairments in Cognitive Behaviors and Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;59(3):1067-1078. doi: 10.3233/JAD-170307. PMID: 28731445.
[8]. Wu MN, Zhou LW, et,al. Colivelin ameliorates amyloid β peptide-induced impairments in spatial memory, synaptic plasticity, and calcium homeostasis in rats. Hippocampus. 2015 Mar;25(3):363-72. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22378. Epub 2014 Oct 30. PMID: 25332198.
[9]. Wang B, Liu W, et,al. Overexpression of ribophorin II is required for viability of nasopharyngeal cancer cells by regulating JAK1/STAT3 activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021 Aug;43(4):471-477. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1942038. Epub 2021 Jun 29. PMID: 34184962.