Metabolism

Apigenin (API), or 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, is a bioactive flavonoid present in many plants, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.

Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities. It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 3.12μM.

Salvianolic acid C is a cytochrome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Salvianolic acid C inhibits CYP2C8 (K i =4.82μM) and CYP2J2 (K i =5.75μM) activities.

Shikonin is a quinone-containing natural product. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC 50 of 6.5μM.

Fraxin is a coumarin derivative extracted from Cortex Fraxini , possessing various biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects.

Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid compound that can be used to treat cancer and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Icariin is a flavonol glycoside.

Trigonelline, an alkaloid isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia , is a potent and specific inhibitor of Nrf2.

Daidzein is a natural phytoestrogen isoflavone. Daidzein serves as a PPAR activator.

Magnolol is a lignan compound extracted from the bark of Magnolia officinalis with multiple pharmacological activities. Magnolol is a dual agonist of RXRα (EC 50 =10.4µM) and PPARγ (EC 50 =17.7µM).

Gallic acid is a 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid phenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.

Oleuropein is the major phenolic compound in the olive tree, with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Eupatilin is a natural flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities. It is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and has anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.