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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4878)

  • GC69670 structure
    GC69670PCSK9-IN-10
    CAS: 368434-98-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    PCSK9-IN-10 is an effective, orally active PCSK9 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.4 µM. It increases the expression of LDLR protein and decreases the expression of PCSK9. PCSK9-IN-10 can slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. It has potential for researching hyperlipidemia.

  • GC69671 structure
    GC69671PCSK9-IN-11
    Purity: >99.00%

    PCSK9-IN-11 (compound 5r) is an orally effective PCSK9 inhibitor. PCSK9-IN-11 exhibits transcriptional inhibition activity of PCSK9 in HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 5.7 μM. PCSK9-IN-11 increases the protein level of LDL receptor (LDLR). PCSK9-IN-11 can be used for atherosclerosis research.

  • GC69672 structure
    GC69672PCSK9-IN-12
    CAS: 2455427-91-3
    Purity: >99.00%

    PCSK9-IN-12 is a heteroaromatic compound. It has binding affinity to PCSK9 with a Kd value of

  • GC69693 structure
    GC69693PFB-FDGlu
    CAS: 209540-62-5
    Purity: >99.00%

    PFB-FDGlu is a cell membrane-permeable fluorescent substrate specifically used for detecting glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity in living cells.

  • GC69739 structure
    GC69739Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride
    CAS: 18828-58-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride is a derivative of carnitine. It can be used for research on inflammation.

  • GC69777 structure
    GC69777PU-H54
    CAS: 1454619-13-6
    Purity: >99.00%

    PU-H54 is a selective inhibitor of Grp94, which can be used for the study of breast cancer. The Hsp90 chaperone family includes Hsp90α, Hsp90β, Grp94 and Trap-1, which play important roles in malignant tumors.

  • GC69824 structure
    GC69824RO5461111
    CAS: 1252637-46-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    RO5461111 is a highly specific and orally effective Cathepsin S inhibitor (IC50: 0.4 nM, human Cathepsin S; 0.5 nM, murine Cathepsin S). It can effectively inhibit antigen-specific T cell and B cell activation. RO5461111 has an improvement effect on pulmonary inflammation and lupus nephritis.

  • GC69835 structure
    GC69835RPR132595A hydrochloride
    Purity: >99.00%

    RPR132595A (NPC) hydrochloride is an active metabolite of CPT-11, which is produced by cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and ultimately excreted through urine.

  • GC69842 structure
    GC69842Rugonersen
    CAS: 2591587-57-2
    Purity: >91.00%

    Rugonersen (RG6091; RO7248824) is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) modified with locked nucleic acid (LNA), which reduces the silencing of ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A). Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of neuronal E3 ligase UBE3A. Rugonersen has been used in research on AS.

  • GC69856 structure
    GC69856Sampatrilat
    CAS: 129981-36-8
    Purity: >99.00%

    Sampatrilat (UK-81252) is a potent orally active vasopeptidase inhibitor that inhibits both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Sampatrilat has 12.4 times greater inhibition of C-domain ACE (Ki=13.8 nM) compared to N-domain ACE (Ki=171.9 nM). Sampatrilat (UK-81252) can be used for research related to chronic heart failure and blood pressure regulation.

  • GC69858 structure
    GC69858Sarcosine-d3
    CAS: 118685-91-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    Sarcosine-d3 is the deuterated form of Sarcosine. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine) is an endogenous amino acid that acts as a competitive inhibitor of glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) and a co-agonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors. By increasing the concentration of glycine, sarcosine enhances the function of NMDA receptors. Sarcosine is commonly used in research on schizophrenia.

  • GC69866 structure
    GC69866SCFSkp2-IN-2
    CAS: 1375060-02-8
    Purity: >99.00%

    SCFSkp2-IN-2 (Compound AAA-237) is a Skp2 inhibitor with a KD of 28.77 μM. AAA-237 induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells and exhibits anti-tumor activity.

  • GC69900 structure
    GC69900Sitagliptin fenilalanil
    CAS: 1339955-03-1
    Purity: >99.00%

    Sitagliptin phenylalanine is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.

  • GC69901 structure
    GC69901Sitagliptin fenilalanil hydrochloride
    CAS: 1339954-75-4
    Purity: >98.50%

    Sitagliptin phenylalanine hydrochloride is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.

  • GC69911 structure
    GC69911Skp2 inhibitor 1
    CAS: 2760612-63-1
    Purity: >99.00%

    Skp2 inhibitor 1 (compound 14i) is a Skp2 inhibitor that disrupts the Skp2-Cks1 interaction, with an IC50 of 2.8 μM. Skp2 inhibitor 1 also exhibits anti-cancer activity.

  • GC69914 structure
    GC69914(S)-Malic acid-d3
    CAS: 59652-74-3
    Purity: >99.00%

    (S)-Malic acid-d3 is the deuterated form of (S)-Malic acid. (S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid and a source of fruity sour taste, commonly used as a food additive.

  • GC69954 structure
    GC69954Stearic acid-d7
    CAS: 951209-59-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    Stearic acid-d7 is the deuterated form of stearic acid. Stearic acid is a long-chain dietary saturated fatty acid that exists in many animal and plant fats.

  • GC69967 structure
    GC69967Sucrose-d14
    Purity: >99.00%

    Sucrose-d14 is the deuterated form of sucrose. Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Sucrose can be used in some animal models, including metabolic diseases, obesity, picky eating, diabetes, etc.

  • GC70014 structure
    GC70014Terephthalic acid-13C2
    CAS: 121191-53-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    Terephthalic acid-13C2 is a 13C-labeled Terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid is an isomer of three phthalate salts and a precursor to the polyester PET, which can be used in clothing and plastic production.

  • GC70020 structure
    GC70020TG-2-IN-1
    CAS: 135273-74-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    TG-2-IN-1 (Compound D003) is a transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) inhibitor. TG-2-IN-1 can be used for myopia research.

  • GC70079 structure
    GC70079Tyrosinase-IN-2
    CAS: 180864-33-9
    Purity: >99.00%

    Tyrosinase-IN-2 (compound 67) is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic step in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. Tyrosinase-IN-2 has potential as a research tool for skin whitening agents and food preservatives.

  • GC70082 structure
    GC70082UBA5-IN-1
    CAS: 1831169-11-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    UBA5-IN-1 (compound 8.5) is a selective inhibitor of UBA5 with an IC50 value of 4.0 μM. UBA5-IN-1 inhibits the proliferation of Sk-Luci6 cancer cells that overexpress UBA5.

  • GC70088 structure
    GC70088UDP-rhamnose
    CAS: 1955-26-6
    Purity: >98.00%

    UDP-rhamnose is one of the substrates for pectin synthesis in cell walls. UDP-rhamnose can be recognized in fungi and is one of the most common sugar donors in plants.

  • GC70147 structure
    GC70147WNK1-IN-1
    CAS: 324022-39-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    WNK1-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of WNK1 with an IC50 value of 1.6 μM. It inhibits the phosphorylation of OSR1 with an IC50 value of 4.3 μM. WNK1-IN-1 can be used for research on blood pressure regulation and cancer treatment.