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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4533)

  • GC91157 structure
    GC91157C18
    CAS: 2922824-09-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    A covalent GPX4 inhibitor

  • GC91278 structure
    GC91278Doxepin N-oxide (hydrate)
    Purity: >95.00%

    A metabolite of doxepin

  • GC91296 structure
    GC91296p-Carboxyphenyl Sulfate
    CAS: 3233-38-3
    Purity: >95.00%

    A sulfated phenolic acid

  • GC91375 structure
    GC91375Promethazine Sulfoxide
    CAS: 7640-51-9
    Purity: >95.00%

    Promethazine sulfoxide is a metabolite of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist promethazine .

  • GC91380 structure
    GC91380N6F11
    CAS: 851398-76-0
    Purity: >99.50%

    N6F11 is a novel, selective and potent inducer of iron death with anticancer and antitumour activity that promotes GPX4 degradation by binding to TRIM25 in cancer cells.

  • GC91397 structure
    GC91397N-desmethyl Levofloxacin (hydrochloride)
    Purity: >98.00%

    N-desmethyl Levofloxacin is an active metabolite of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin .

  • GC91406 structure
    GC91406UK 122 (trifluoroacetate salt)
    CAS: 1186653-73-5
    Purity: >95.00%

    UK 122 is an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA; IC50 = 0.2 µM).

  • GC91418 structure
    GC91418(E)-KPT-330
    CAS: 1421923-86-5
    Purity: >99.00%

    (E)-KPT-330 is a metabolite of the exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) inhibitor selinexor.

  • GC91480 structure
    GC91480Exendin-4 (3-39) amide (trifluoroacetate salt)
    Purity: >90.00%

    Exendin-4 (3-39) amide is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and an active metabolite of exendin-4 (48-86) amide .

  • GC91492 structure
    GC91492Propiverine N-oxide
    CAS: 111071-96-6
    Purity: >95.00%

    Propiverine N-oxide is an active metabolite of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist propiverine .

  • GC91594 structure
    GC91594LYS-006 (hydrochloride)
    CAS: 2619563-79-8
    Purity: >98.00%

    LYS-006 is an inhibitor of leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase.

  • GC91595 structure
    GC91595PDIC-NC
    CAS: 2633013-75-7
    Purity: >95.00%

    PDIC-NC is an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and an anticancer agent.

  • GC91598 structure
    GC91598GPX4 16
    CAS: 2644044-43-7
    Purity: >98.00%

    GPX4 16 is an inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).

  • GC91613 structure
    GC91613FerroLOXIN-1
    CAS: 2773428-48-9
    Purity: >90.00%

    FerroLOXIN-1 is an inhibitor of the 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LO-2) and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) catalytic complex.

  • GC91623 structure
    GC91623Ferroptosis Inducer 24
    CAS: 28657-88-7
    Purity: >95.00%

    Ferroptosis inducer 24 is an inducer of ferroptosis.

  • GC91688 structure
    GC91688PDIC-NN
    CAS: 932740-48-2
    Purity: >95.00%

    PDIC-NN is an intermediate in the synthesis of PDIC-NS , an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) with anticancer activity.

  • GC91782 structure
    GC91782DPP-9 Inhibitor 42
    Purity: >95.00%

    DPP-9 inhibitor 42 is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DDP-9; IC50 = 0.0034 µM).

  • GC91800 structure
    GC91800CPPA-TPP
    Purity: >75.00%

    CPPA-TPP is a chain transfer agent conjugated to the mitochondria-targeting moiety triphenylphosphonium (TPP).

  • GC91820 structure
    GC91820PDIC-NS
    Purity: >95.00%

    PDIC-NS is an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING).

  • GC92031 structure
    GC92031GPX4 Inhibitor 17
    Purity: >98.00%

    GPX4 inhibitor 17 is a ferrocene-containing inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and an inducer of ferroptosis.

  • GC92061 structure
    GC920611-Palmitoyl-2-13(S)-HODE-sn-glycero-3-PC
    CAS: 161923-56-4
    Purity: >95.00%

    1-Palmitoyl-2-13(S)-HODE-sn-glycero-3-PC is an oxidized phospholipid that contains palmitic acid and 13(S)-HODE at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively.

  • GD09670 structure
    GD096703,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
    CAS: 624-95-3
    Purity: >99.50%

    3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol is an oral inhibitor that inhibits the production of trimethylamine (TMA) by microorganisms and suppresses different microbial TMA lyases.

  • GD13954 structure
    GD13954Gentisuric Acid
    CAS: 25351-24-0
    Purity: >98.00%

    Gentisuric acid has the molecular formula C₉H₉NO₅, a molecular weight of 211.17, and its chemical name is N-(2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl) glycine . Gentisuric acid is a metabolite of salicylic acid or aspirin and serves as a substrate for α-amidomonooxygenase (PAM), Gentisuric acid has the ability to alleviate DNA damage induced by mitomycin C

  • GD20392 structure
    GD20392Potassium Hyaluronate from Cockscomb
    CAS: 31799-91-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    Potassium Hyaluronate from Cockscomb is a large molecule composed of repeated disaccharide units, which is used as a skin conditioner in cosmetics and can penetrate into the dermis layer.