Proteases
Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio
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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Research Areas
- Caspase(197)
- Aminopeptidase(29)
- ACE(81)
- Calpains(11)
- Carboxypeptidase(11)
- Cathepsin(80)
- DPP-4(18)
- Elastase(25)
- Gamma Secretase(42)
- HCV Protease(37)
- HSP(128)
- HIV Integrase(28)
- HIV Protease(37)
- MMP(231)
- NS3/4a protease(4)
- Serine Protease(16)
- Thrombin(47)
- Urokinase(2)
- Other Proteases(15)
- Tyrosinases(60)
- 15-PGDH(3)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(21)
- Acyltransferase(72)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)(35)
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase(12)
- ATGL(1)
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase(59)
- Drug Metabolite(571)
- E1/E2/E3 Enzyme(125)
- Endogenous Metabolite(2053)
- FABP(8)
- Farnesyl Transferase(21)
- Glutaminase(22)
- Glutathione Peroxidase(51)
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)(32)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase(23)
- Lipoxygenase(267)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism(278)
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(7)
- Neprilysin(12)
- PAI-1(20)
- Ser/Thr Protease(78)
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(13)
- Xanthine Oxidase(23)
- MALT1(11)
- PCSK9(15)
- ADAMTS(1)
- TrxR(3)
- DGK(7)
- Quinone Reductase(1)
- Glycosidase(17)
Products Related to Proteases(4878)
- GC79648N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodiumPurity: >98.50%
N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium is a nucleoside metabolite [1] .
- GC796495β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodiumCAS: 24136-02-5Purity: >99.50%
5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium is a steroid sulfate found in human urine and plasma [1] .
- GC79650(3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acidCAS: 23740-16-1Purity: >98.00%
(3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid (compound (25S)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA) is a Ursodeoxycholic Acid precursor.
- GC796513-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeledPurity: >98.00%
3-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled the biotin labeled 3-Indoleacetic acid.
- GC79654Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodiumPurity: >98.00%
Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium is a metabolite of Formononetin and can be absorbed and metabolized through the intestine [1] [2] .
- GC79655Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodiumCAS: 75672-22-9Purity: >98.00%
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium is a type of steroid glucuronide and a plasma metabolite that can be used in the research of biomarkers for diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
- GC79656C26-Dihydro ceramideCAS: 182362-38-5Purity: >98.00%
C26-Dihydro ceramide is a dihydroceramide containing a C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.
- GC79657Pentanoyl coenzyme A sodiumPurity: >97.00%
Pentanoyl coenzyme A (Valeryl-CoA) sodium is a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that functions as an intermediate in mitochondrial β-oxidation and related metabolic pathways.
- GC79660Osteocalcin (human) TFAPurity: >98.00%
Osteocalcin (Osteocalcin (1-49)) (human) TFA is a vitamin K-dependent bone specific protein.
- GC79661N-CarbobenzoxytyramineCAS: 29655-46-7Purity: >98.50%
N-Carbobenzoxytyramine (N-CBZ-Tyramine), a carbobenzoxy derivatives of amino acid, is a competitive inhibitor of glutaminase activity [1] .
- GC796633-HydroxyprolineCAS: 567-36-2Purity: >98.00%
3-Hydroxyproline is a non-glycosyl microbial α-glucosidase inhibitor.
- GC796648-DemethoxyschinilenolCAS: 144398-46-9Purity: >98.00%
8-Demethoxyschinilenol is a terpenoid coumarin.
- GC79665RexaceractCAS: 2648407-86-5Purity: >98.00%
Rexaceract (Rexaceractum) is a heteroaryl compound that binds to β-glucocerebrosidase.
- GC79666GCase modulator-2CAS: 2923245-78-5Purity: >99.00%
GCase modulator-2 (Compound 1) is a glucocerebrosidase ( GCase ) modulator.
- GC79667AGFAGDDAPRCAS: 330204-04-1Purity: >98.00%
AGFAGDDAPR is a bioactive peptide that is a competitive and orally effective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ( DPP-IV ).
- GC79673INCB191358CAS: 3111036-70-2Purity: >98.00%
INCB191358 is a selective and orally active inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase α/ζ/ι ( DGKα/ζ/ι ) with IC 50 values of 0.12, 0.36 and 0.36 nM.
- GC79674FABP4/5-IN-6CAS: 2975215-64-4Purity: >98.00%
FABP4/5-IN-6 is an orally active, potent FABP4/5 inhibitor ( Ki = 0.41/2.53 μM), showing low selectivity over FABP3 ( Ki = 59.72 μM).
- GC79681IDH1 ligand 1CAS: 2244883-83-6Purity: >98.00%
IDH1 ligand 1 (Compound 18) can serve as a negative control for the IDH1 target, with no detectable affinity for wild-type IDH1 and an IC 50 >10,000 nM [1] .
- GC797065-LOX-IN-9CAS: 2668-47-5Purity: >98.00%
5-LOX-IN-9 is a 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 0.2 pM against guinea pig 5-LOX and an IC 50 of 0.7 pM against bovine COX.
| Catalog No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GC79648 | N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium | - | >98.50% | |
N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium is a nucleoside metabolite [1] . | ||||
| GC79649 | 5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium | 24136-02-5 | >99.50% | |
5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium is a steroid sulfate found in human urine and plasma [1] . | ||||
| GC79650 | (3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid | 23740-16-1 | >98.00% | |
(3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid (compound (25S)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA) is a Ursodeoxycholic Acid precursor. | ||||
| GC79651 | 3-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled | - | >98.00% | |
3-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled the biotin labeled 3-Indoleacetic acid. | ||||
| GC79652 | 3-aceCA | 7432-73-7 | >99.00% | |
3-aceCA is an orally active 3 α -O-acetyl cholic acid derivative and monoacylated bile acid. | ||||
| GC79653 | ProAX | 2978687-02-2 | >98.50% | |
ProAX is an AXP prodrug which enhances intracellular ATP levels without inducing cytotoxicity. | ||||
| GC79654 | Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium | - | >98.00% | |
Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium is a metabolite of Formononetin and can be absorbed and metabolized through the intestine [1] [2] . | ||||
| GC79655 | Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium | 75672-22-9 | >98.00% | |
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium is a type of steroid glucuronide and a plasma metabolite that can be used in the research of biomarkers for diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). | ||||
| GC79656 | C26-Dihydro ceramide | 182362-38-5 | >98.00% | |
C26-Dihydro ceramide is a dihydroceramide containing a C26 very-long-chain fatty acid. | ||||
| GC79657 | Pentanoyl coenzyme A sodium | - | >97.00% | |
Pentanoyl coenzyme A (Valeryl-CoA) sodium is a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that functions as an intermediate in mitochondrial β-oxidation and related metabolic pathways. | ||||
| GC79660 | Osteocalcin (human) TFA | - | >98.00% | |
Osteocalcin (Osteocalcin (1-49)) (human) TFA is a vitamin K-dependent bone specific protein. | ||||
| GC79661 | N-Carbobenzoxytyramine | 29655-46-7 | >98.50% | |
N-Carbobenzoxytyramine (N-CBZ-Tyramine), a carbobenzoxy derivatives of amino acid, is a competitive inhibitor of glutaminase activity [1] . | ||||
| GC79662 | TG2-IN-3h | 1592640-75-9 | >98.00% | |
TG2-IN-3h (Compound 3h) is a transglutaminase (TG2) inhibitor (hTG2: IC 50 = 6nM). | ||||
| GC79663 | 3-Hydroxyproline | 567-36-2 | >98.00% | |
3-Hydroxyproline is a non-glycosyl microbial α-glucosidase inhibitor. | ||||
| GC79664 | 8-Demethoxyschinilenol | 144398-46-9 | >98.00% | |
8-Demethoxyschinilenol is a terpenoid coumarin. | ||||
| GC79665 | Rexaceract | 2648407-86-5 | >98.00% | |
Rexaceract (Rexaceractum) is a heteroaryl compound that binds to β-glucocerebrosidase. | ||||
| GC79666 | GCase modulator-2 | 2923245-78-5 | >99.00% | |
GCase modulator-2 (Compound 1) is a glucocerebrosidase ( GCase ) modulator. | ||||
| GC79667 | AGFAGDDAPR | 330204-04-1 | >98.00% | |
AGFAGDDAPR is a bioactive peptide that is a competitive and orally effective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ( DPP-IV ). | ||||
| GC79668 | RES-701-3 peptide TFA | - | >98.00% | |
RES-701-3 peptide TFA is a class II lasso peptide. | ||||
| GC79673 | INCB191358 | 3111036-70-2 | >98.00% | |
INCB191358 is a selective and orally active inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase α/ζ/ι ( DGKα/ζ/ι ) with IC 50 values of 0.12, 0.36 and 0.36 nM. | ||||
| GC79674 | FABP4/5-IN-6 | 2975215-64-4 | >98.00% | |
FABP4/5-IN-6 is an orally active, potent FABP4/5 inhibitor ( Ki = 0.41/2.53 μM), showing low selectivity over FABP3 ( Ki = 59.72 μM). | ||||
| GC79680 | GNE-140 | 1809794-70-4 | >98.00% | |
GNE-140 (Compound 28) is an external racemic mixture of (R)-GNE-140 and (S)-GNE-140. | ||||
| GC79681 | IDH1 ligand 1 | 2244883-83-6 | >98.00% | |
IDH1 ligand 1 (Compound 18) can serve as a negative control for the IDH1 target, with no detectable affinity for wild-type IDH1 and an IC 50 >10,000 nM [1] . | ||||
| GC79706 | 5-LOX-IN-9 | 2668-47-5 | >98.00% | |
5-LOX-IN-9 is a 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 0.2 pM against guinea pig 5-LOX and an IC 50 of 0.7 pM against bovine COX. | ||||
