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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4878)

  • GC79648 structure
    GC79648N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium
    Purity: >98.50%

    N-(5-Amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid disodium is a nucleoside metabolite [1] .

  • GC79649 structure
    GC796495β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium
    CAS: 24136-02-5
    Purity: >99.50%

    5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3-sulfate sodium is a steroid sulfate found in human urine and plasma [1] .

  • GC79650 structure
    GC79650(3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid
    CAS: 23740-16-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    (3α,5β,7α,25R)-3,7-Dihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid (compound (25S)-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA) is a Ursodeoxycholic Acid precursor.

  • GC79651 structure
    GC796513-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled
    Purity: >98.00%

    3-Indoleacetic acid, biotin labeled the biotin labeled 3-Indoleacetic acid.

  • GC79652 structure
    GC796523-aceCA
    CAS: 7432-73-7
    Purity: >99.00%

    3-aceCA is an orally active 3 α -O-acetyl cholic acid derivative and monoacylated bile acid.

  • GC79653 structure
    GC79653ProAX
    CAS: 2978687-02-2
    Purity: >98.50%

    ProAX is an AXP prodrug which enhances intracellular ATP levels without inducing cytotoxicity.

  • GC79654 structure
    GC79654Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium
    Purity: >98.00%

    Formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide sodium is a metabolite of Formononetin and can be absorbed and metabolized through the intestine [1] [2] .

  • GC79655 structure
    GC79655Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium
    CAS: 75672-22-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide disodium is a type of steroid glucuronide and a plasma metabolite that can be used in the research of biomarkers for diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

  • GC79656 structure
    GC79656C26-Dihydro ceramide
    CAS: 182362-38-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    C26-Dihydro ceramide is a dihydroceramide containing a C26 very-long-chain fatty acid.

  • GC79657 structure
    GC79657Pentanoyl coenzyme A sodium
    Purity: >97.00%

    Pentanoyl coenzyme A (Valeryl-CoA) sodium is a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that functions as an intermediate in mitochondrial β-oxidation and related metabolic pathways.

  • GC79660 structure
    GC79660Osteocalcin (human) TFA
    Purity: >98.00%

    Osteocalcin (Osteocalcin (1-49)) (human) TFA is a vitamin K-dependent bone specific protein.

  • GC79661 structure
    GC79661N-Carbobenzoxytyramine
    CAS: 29655-46-7
    Purity: >98.50%

    N-Carbobenzoxytyramine (N-CBZ-Tyramine), a carbobenzoxy derivatives of amino acid, is a competitive inhibitor of glutaminase activity [1] .

  • GC79662 structure
    GC79662TG2-IN-3h
    CAS: 1592640-75-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    TG2-IN-3h (Compound 3h) is a transglutaminase (TG2) inhibitor (hTG2: IC 50 = 6nM).

  • GC79663 structure
    GC796633-Hydroxyproline
    CAS: 567-36-2
    Purity: >98.00%

    3-Hydroxyproline is a non-glycosyl microbial α-glucosidase inhibitor.

  • GC79664 structure
    GC796648-Demethoxyschinilenol
    CAS: 144398-46-9
    Purity: >98.00%

    8-Demethoxyschinilenol is a terpenoid coumarin.

  • GC79665 structure
    GC79665Rexaceract
    CAS: 2648407-86-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    Rexaceract (Rexaceractum) is a heteroaryl compound that binds to β-glucocerebrosidase.

  • GC79666 structure
    GC79666GCase modulator-2
    CAS: 2923245-78-5
    Purity: >99.00%

    GCase modulator-2 (Compound 1) is a glucocerebrosidase ( GCase ) modulator.

  • GC79667 structure
    GC79667AGFAGDDAPR
    CAS: 330204-04-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    AGFAGDDAPR is a bioactive peptide that is a competitive and orally effective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ( DPP-IV ).

  • GC79668 structure
    GC79668RES-701-3 peptide TFA
    Purity: >98.00%

    RES-701-3 peptide TFA is a class II lasso peptide.

  • GC79673 structure
    GC79673INCB191358
    CAS: 3111036-70-2
    Purity: >98.00%

    INCB191358 is a selective and orally active inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase α/ζ/ι ( DGKα/ζ/ι ) with IC 50 values of 0.12, 0.36 and 0.36 nM.

  • GC79674 structure
    GC79674FABP4/5-IN-6
    CAS: 2975215-64-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    FABP4/5-IN-6 is an orally active, potent FABP4/5 inhibitor ( Ki = 0.41/2.53 μM), showing low selectivity over FABP3 ( Ki = 59.72 μM).

  • GC79680 structure
    GC79680GNE-140
    CAS: 1809794-70-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    GNE-140 (Compound 28) is an external racemic mixture of (R)-GNE-140 and (S)-GNE-140.

  • GC79681 structure
    GC79681IDH1 ligand 1
    CAS: 2244883-83-6
    Purity: >98.00%

    IDH1 ligand 1 (Compound 18) can serve as a negative control for the IDH1 target, with no detectable affinity for wild-type IDH1 and an IC 50 >10,000 nM [1] .

  • GC79706 structure
    GC797065-LOX-IN-9
    CAS: 2668-47-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    5-LOX-IN-9 is a 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 0.2 pM against guinea pig 5-LOX and an IC 50 of 0.7 pM against bovine COX.