cGAMP (Cyclic AMP-GMP) (Synonyms: Cyclic GMP-AMP; 3',3'-cGAMP)

cGAMP(Cyclic GMP-AMP) is an endogenous second messenger in metazoans and triggers interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA; STING ligand.Target:in vitro: cGAMP induced IFNβ RNA robustly even at concentrations as low as 10 nM. cGAMP was much more potent than c-di-GMP in inducing IFNβ based on ELISA assays. cGAMP was also more potent than c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP in activating IRF3. cGAMP binds to and activates STING to trigger the downstream signaling cascades [1]. On stimulation with cGAMP, fibroblasts from the patients showed increased transcription of IFNB1 but not of the genes encoding interleukin-1 (IL1), interleukin-6 (IL6), or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [3]. cGAMP activates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident receptor STING, thereby inducing an antiviral state and the secretion of type I IFNs [4].in vivo: cGAMP can enhance the adaptive immune response to the model antigen ovalbumin in mice. cGAMP promotes antigen specific IgG and a balanced Th1/Th2 lymphocyte response in immunized mice [2].

[1]. Wu J, et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):826-30. [2]. Skrnjug I, et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP displays mucosal adjuvant activity in mice. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 8;9(10):e110150. [3]. Liu Y, et al. Activated STING in a vascular and pulmonary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 7;371(6):507-18. [4]. Ablasser A, et al. Cell intrinsic immunity spreads to bystander cells via the intercellular transfer of cGAMP. Nature. 2013 Nov 28;503(7477):530-4.