C18 Ganglioside GM3-d3 (d18:1/18:0-d3) (ammonium salt) (Synonyms: C18 GM3-d3, Monosialoganglioside GM3-d3, N-Stearoyl Monosialoganglioside GM3-d3, N-omega-CD3-Octadecanoyl monosialoganglioside GM3)

C18 Ganglioside G_M3-d₃ is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of ganglioside G_M3 by GC- or LC-MS. Ganglioside G_M3 is a simple monosialoganglioside that demonstrates both antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in tumor cells by modulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.^1,2 When used at a concentration of 20 μM, it suppresses angiogenesis and reduces endothelial cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation.¹ Furthermore, ganglioside G_M3 has been shown to induce the dissociation of the insulin receptor-caveolin-1 complex from lipid microdomains, functioning as an inhibitor of insulin signaling and contributing to insulin resistance.³ [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 2052]

1.Mukherjee, P., Faber, A.C., Shelton, L.M., et al.Thematic review series: Sphingolipids. Ganglioside GM3 suppresses the proangiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and ganglioside GD1aJ. Lipid Res.49(5)929-938(2008) 2.Seyfried, T.N., and Mukherjee, P.Ganglioside GM3 is antiangiogenic in malignant brain cancerJ. Oncol.961243(2010) 3.Kabayama, K., Sato, T., Saito, K., et al.Dissociation of the insulin receptor and caveolin-1 complex by ganglioside GM3 in the state of insulin resistanceProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA104(34)13678-13683(2007)