Urotensin I (white sucker) (trifluoroacetate salt)

Urotensin I is a naturally occurring peptide involved in the regulation of cortisol and stress responses in teleost fish.1 This corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family peptide binds to recombinant human CRF1 and rat CRF2 receptors with Ki values of 0.7 and 22.9 nM, respectively.2 Urotensin I expression increases in the preoptic area and caudal neurosecretory system of rainbow trout in response to isolation and hyperammonia stress, respectively, and correlates with plasma cortisol levels in masu salmon.3,4 It suppresses food intake in rainbow trout (ED50 = 17.4 ng/g).5

References
1. Mimassi, N., Shahbazi, F., Jensen, J., et al. Cardiovascular actions of centrally and peripherally administered trout urotensin-I in the trout. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279(2), R484-R491 (2000).
2. Primus, R.J., Yevich, E., Baltazar, C., et al. Autoradiographic localization of CRF1 and CRF2 binding sites in adult rat brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 17(5), 308-316 (1997).
3. Bernier, N.J., Alderman, S.L., and Bristow, E.N. Heads or tails• Stressor-specific expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin I in the preoptic area and caudal neurosecretory system of rainbow trout. J. Endocrinol. 196(3), 637-648 (2008).
4. C.G., W., Ando, H., Kitahashi, T., et al. Seasonal changes in CRF-I and urotensin I transcript levels in masu salmon: Correlation with cortisol secretion during spawning. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 155(1), 126-140 (2008).
5. Ortega, V.A., Lovejoy, D.A., and Bernier, N.J. Appetite-suppressing effects and interactions of centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor, urotensin I and serotonin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front. Neurosci. 7:196, (2013).