Maduramicin (ammonium salt) (Synonyms: Antibiotic X-14868A, CL 259,971, Maduramycin, Prinicin)

Maduramicin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that has been found in Nocardia.¹ It selectively binds to potassium, rubidium, sodium, lithium, and cesium ions over divalent cations. Maduramicin is active against Gram-positive bacteria (MICs = 0.9-125 µg/ml) but not Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = >1,000 µg/ml) or fungi (MICs = 250->1,000 µg/ml). It reduces the viability of asexual and gametocyte P. falciparum parasites (EC₅₀s = 1.3 and 14.8 nM, respectively) and reduces P. berghei transmission in a mouse model of malaria when administered at doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg.² Maduramicin (5-10 ppm in the diet) reduces the severity of lesions and completely protects chicks against mortality in a model of coccidiosis induced by E. tenella.¹ Formulations containing maduramicin have been used in the treatment of coccidiosis in chickens.

1.Liu, C.-M., Hermann, T.E., Downey, A., et al.Novel polyether antibiotics X-14868A, B, C, and D produced by a Nocardia. Discovery, fermentation, biological as well as ionophore properties and taxonomy of the producing cultureJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)36(4)343-350(1983) 2.Maron, M.I., Magle, C.T., Czeny, B., et al.Maduramicin rapidly eliminates malaria parasites and potentiates the gametocytocidal activity of the pyrazoleamide PA21A050Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.60(3)1492-1499(2015)