Amarogentin |
Katalog-Nr.GC42776
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Amarogentin ist ein Secoiridoid-Glykosid, das hauptsÄchlich aus Swertia- und Gentiana-Wurzeln gewonnen wird.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 21018-84-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside natural product extracted from the roots of Swertia and Gentiana plants. Amarogentin possesses a range of biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects[1-2]. Amarogentin has demonstrated potential value in research areas such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, diabetes, and neuroprotection[3-4].
In vitro, pretreatment of PC12 cells with Amarogentin (1-10µM) for 24 hours, followed by culture under oxidative stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.9mM), Amarogentin significantly inhibited the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels caused by oxidative stress. Amarogentin upregulated the gene expression of SOD2, CAT, GPx, Nrf2, and Bcl-x1 while enhancing SOD2 enzymatic activity, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect[5]. HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with incomplete radiofrequency ablation (IRFA) were incubated with Amarogentin (120μg/ml) for 24 hours. Amarogentin significantly reduced the proportion of CD133‑positive cells and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and inhibited the VEGFA/Dll4/Notch1 signaling pathway via a p53‑dependent mechanism, thereby suppressing angiogenesis[6].
In vivo, oral administration of Amarogentin (50 or 100mg/kg/day) to ovariectomy-induced estrogen-deficient osteoporotic rats for 5 consecutive weeks, Amarogentin significantly increased whole-body and lumbar spine bone mineral density, improved levels of serum bone formation markers (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase), Amarogentin reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α), and enhanced osteoblast differentiation by modulating the Nrf-2/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway[7]. Intravenous administration of Amarogentin (0.5mg/kg/day; for 1 consecutive week) to streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats, Amarogentin significantly lowered fasting blood glucose, increased skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression, and inhibited liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity[8].
References:
[1] Singh S, Varshney M, Sharma H. Amarogentin, Natural Bitter Terpenoids: Research Update with Pharmacological Potential, Patent and Toxicity Aspects. Curr Top Med Chem. 2025 Aug 21.
[2] Patel K, Kumar V, Verma A, et al. Amarogentin as Topical Anticancer and Anti-Infective Potential: Scope of Lipid Based Vesicular in its Effective Delivery. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2019;14(1):7-15.
[3] Wölfle U, Haarhaus B, Schempp CM. Amarogentin Displays Immunomodulatory Effects in Human Mast Cells and Keratinocytes. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:630128.
[4] Sur S, Pal D, Banerjee K, et al. Amarogentin regulates self renewal pathways to restrict liver carcinogenesis in experimental mouse model. Mol Carcinog. 2016 Jul;55(7):1138-49.
[5] Disasa D, Cheng L, Manzoor M, et al. Amarogentin from Gentiana rigescens Franch Exhibits Antiaging and Neuroprotective Effects through Antioxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Aug 1;2020:3184019.
[6] Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Amarogentin Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Angiogenesis after Insufficient Radiofrequency Ablation via Affecting Stemness and the p53-Dependent VEGFA/Dll4/Notch1 Pathway. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Oct 20;2020:5391058.
[7] Li S, Li X, He F, et al. Amarogentin promotes osteoblast differentiation in oestrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis rats by modulating the Nrf-2/MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Arch Med Sci. 2019 Nov 11;19(2):452-457.
[8] Niu HS, Chao PC, Ku PM, et al. Amarogentin ameliorates diabetic disorders in animal models. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2016 Nov;389(11):1215-1223.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | PC12 cells (rat pheochromocytoma cell line) |
Preparation Method | PC12 cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 7.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10% horse serum at 37°C, 5% CO₂. PC12 cells were pretreated with Amarogentin (1, 3, and 10μM) for 24 hours, followed by oxidative stress induction with 0.9mM H₂O₂ for 1 hour. |
Reaction Conditions | 1–10μM; pretreatment for 24 hours. |
Applications | In PC12 cells, Amarogentin (3μM) reduced H₂O₂-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, respectively, while increasing SOD2 activity and gene expression of SOD2, CAT, GPx, Nrf2, and Bcl-x1. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Female Sprague-Dawley rats with bilateral ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis |
Preparation Method | Osteoporosis was induced via bilateral ovariectomy. Rats were orally administered Amarogentin (50 or 100mg/kg) daily for 5 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum biochemical markers were measured post-treatment. |
Dosage form | 50 or 100mg/kg; p.o.; Once daily for 5 weeks. |
Applications | Amarogentin (100mg/kg) significantly increased BMD in the whole body, lumbar spine, and femur of OVX rats compared to untreated OVX controls. Amarogentin attenuated serum levels of bone resorption markers (CTX) and enhanced bone formation markers (osteocalcin, PINP, and BSAP). Amarogentin reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α) in serum and modulated bone tissue expression of Akt, Nrf-2, ERK, and NF-κB p65 proteins. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 21018-84-8 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1OCC[C@]2([H])C1=CO[C@@H](O[C@]3([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3OC(C4=C(C5=CC=CC(O)=C5)C=C(O)C=C4O)=O)[C@@H]2C=C | ||
| Formula | C29H30O13 | M.Wt | 586.5 |
| Löslichkeit | DMSO: 100 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 0.1 mg/ml | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
|
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.705 mL | 8.5251 mL | 17.0503 mL |
| 5 mM | 341 μL | 1.705 mL | 3.4101 mL |
| 10 mM | 170.5 μL | 852.5 μL | 1.705 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.50% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 18 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)