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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4878)

  • GC91688 structure
    GC91688PDIC-NN
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    Purity: >95.00%

    PDIC-NN is an intermediate in the synthesis of PDIC-NS , an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) with anticancer activity.

  • GC91782 structure
    GC91782DPP-9 Inhibitor 42
    Purity: >95.00%

    DPP-9 inhibitor 42 is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DDP-9; IC50 = 0.0034 µM).

  • GC91800 structure
    GC91800CPPA-TPP
    Purity: >75.00%

    CPPA-TPP is a chain transfer agent conjugated to the mitochondria-targeting moiety triphenylphosphonium (TPP).

  • GC91820 structure
    GC91820PDIC-NS
    Purity: >95.00%

    PDIC-NS is an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING).

  • GC92031 structure
    GC92031GPX4 Inhibitor 17
    Purity: >98.00%

    GPX4 Inhibitor 17 ist ein ferrocenhaltiger Inhibitor der Glutathionperoxidase 4 (GPX4) und ein Induktor der Ferroptose.

  • GC92061 structure
    GC920611-Palmitoyl-2-13(S)-HODE-sn-glycero-3-PC
    CAS: 161923-56-4
    Purity: >95.00%

    1-Palmitoyl-2-13(S)-HODE-sn-glycero-3-PC ist ein oxidiertes Phospholipid, das Palmitinsäure und 13S-HODE an den Positionen sn-1 und sn-2 enthält.

  • GD09670 structure
    GD096703,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
    CAS: 624-95-3
    Purity: >99.50%

    3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol is an oral inhibitor that inhibits the production of trimethylamine (TMA) by microorganisms and suppresses different microbial TMA lyases.

  • GD13954 structure
    GD13954Gentisuric Acid
    CAS: 25351-24-0
    Purity: >98.00%

    Gentisuric acid has the molecular formula C₉H₉NO₅, a molecular weight of 211.17, and its chemical name is N-(2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl) glycine . Gentisuric acid is a metabolite of salicylic acid or aspirin and serves as a substrate for α-amidomonooxygenase (PAM), Gentisuric acid has the ability to alleviate DNA damage induced by mitomycin C

  • GD20392 structure
    GD20392Potassium Hyaluronate from Cockscomb
    CAS: 31799-91-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    Potassium Hyaluronate from Cockscomb is a large molecule composed of repeated disaccharide units, which is used as a skin conditioner in cosmetics and can penetrate into the dermis layer.

  • GD23102 structure
    GD23102γ-Tocotrienol
    CAS: 14101-61-2
    Purity: >98.00%

    γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T3) is a subtype of tocotrienol and a major type of vitamin E with two substituted methyl groups.

  • GF05704 structure
    GF05704Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester
    CAS: 123410-65-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester is a compound with anti-HBV activity.

  • GF14666 structure
    GF14666D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate
    CAS: 3616-42-0
    Purity: >98.00%

    D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate is an endogenous metabolite, a phosphorylated form of glucosamine, which can be synthesized by glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT).

  • GF20672 structure
    GF206725α-Androstanedione
    CAS: 846-46-8
    Purity: >98.00%

    5α-Androstanedione is an endogenous steroid hormone metabolite and a key intermediate.

  • GN10040 structure
    GN10040Dehydrocorydaline
    CAS: 30045-16-0
    Purity: >98.00%

    Dehydrocorydaline is one of the quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Corydalis Rhizoma.

  • GN10055 structure
    GN10055Mulberroside A
    CAS: 102841-42-9
    Purity: >98.00%
  • GN10062 structure
    GN100625-HTP
    CAS: 56-69-9
    Purity: >99.50%
  • GN10063 structure
    GN10063Arctigenin
    CAS: 7770-78-7
    Purity: >99.50%

    Arctigenin ist eine natürliche Lignan-Verbindung. Arctigenin wirkt gegen Krebszellen. Arctigenin hat starke antioxidative, entzündungshemmende und antivirale(gegen das Influenza-A-Virus) Eigenschaften.

  • GN10072 structure
    GN10072Daidzin
    CAS: 552-66-9
    Purity: >99.50%
  • GN10073 structure
    GN10073Arbutin
    CAS: 497-76-7
    Purity: >99.50%
  • GN10091 structure
    GN10091Schaftoside
    CAS: 51938-32-0
    Purity: >99.50%
  • GN10146 structure
    GN10146Butane diacid
    CAS: 110-15-6
    Purity: >98.00%
  • GN10158 structure
    GN10158Baicalein
    CAS: 491-67-8
    Purity: >98.00%

    Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities. It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 3.12μM.

  • GN10184 structure
    GN10184Oleanolic acid
    CAS: 508-02-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    Oleanolic acid ist ein natürliches pentazyklisches Triterpenoid, das für seine Wirksamkeit bei der Behandlung von Hepatitis bekannt ist.

  • GN10211 structure
    GN10211Salvianolic acid A
    CAS: 96574-01-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    Salvianolic acid A is a polyphenolic compound with multi-target pharmacological activities. Salvianolic acid A inhibits the activity of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by targeting TGF-β receptor I (TβRI) and downregulates the expression of MMP9 protein. Salvianolic acid A is commonly used in cardiovascular diseases and organ fibrosis research.