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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4550)

  • GC79616 structure
    GC79616Acetaminophen glucuronide potassium
    Purity: >99.50%

    Acetaminophen glucuronide potassium (APAP-glu potassium) is the inactive glucuronide metabolite of Acetaminophen.

  • GC79617 structure
    GC79617Clethodim sulfoxide
    CAS: 111031-14-2
    Purity: >98%

    Clethodim sulfoxide is the aerobic metabolite of clethodim, a cyclohexanedione oxime herbicide [1] .

  • GC79618 structure
    GC79618Prucalopride N-oxide
    CAS: 1900715-98-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    Prucalopride N-oxide is a metabolite of Prucalopride with motility-enhancing effects [1] .

  • GC79619 structure
    GC79619Fipronil sulfide
    CAS: 120067-83-6
    Purity: >98.00%

    Fipronil sulfide is a toxic, persistent metabolite of Fipronil.

  • GC79620 structure
    GC79620Dapagliflozin keto impurity
    CAS: 2169998-23-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    Dapagliflozin keto impurity (Oxo-dapagliflozin) is an oxo metabolite and related impurity of Dapagliflozin.

  • GC79621 structure
    GC796215α,6α-Epoxysitosterol
    CAS: 53034-66-5
    Purity: >99.50%

    5α,6α-Epoxysitosterol is a minor β-sitosterol oxidation product and 5,6-epoxy thermo-oxidation product of sitosterol [1] [2] .

  • GC79622 structure
    GC79622Ginsenoside C-Y
    CAS: 83480-65-3
    Purity: >98%

    Ginsenoside C-Y (Ginsenoside Y) is a metabolite of Ginsenoside Rb2.

  • GC79623 structure
    GC79623Ichangin
    CAS: 10171-61-6
    Purity: >98%

    Ichangin is a metabolite of ponderosa lemon Citrus pyriformis.

  • GC79624 structure
    GC7962441-O-Demethylrapamycin
    CAS: 142382-16-9
    Purity: >98%

    41-O-Demethylrapamycin is a metabolite of Rapamycin produced by Bacillus megaterium [1] .

  • GC79625 structure
    GC79625Febuxostat 67M-1
    CAS: 887945-96-2
    Purity: >95.00%

    Febuxostat 67M-1 is an active metabolite of Febuxostat.

  • GC79626 structure
    GC79626H111-H7
    CAS: 220965-54-8
    Purity: >98.00%

    H111-H7 is a WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin 27 protein ligase 2 ( WWP2 ) inhibitor with a K D of 717 nM.

  • GC79627 structure
    GC79627H36-E4
    CAS: 688310-17-0
    Purity: >98.50%

    H36-E4 is a WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin 27 protein ligase 2 ( WWP2 ) inhibitor with a K D of 6.25 μM.

  • GC79628 structure
    GC79628XMU-MP-10
    CAS: 2251132-02-0
    Purity: >98.00%

    XMU-MP-10 is a selective NEDD4 inhibitor with a K D of 43.92 nM.

  • GC79629 structure
    GC79629ZER1 binder-2
    CAS: 3132618-63-1
    Purity: >98%

    ZER1 binder-2 is a ZER1 E3 ubiquitin ligase binder with an EC 50 value of 51.04 nM.

  • GC79630 structure
    GC79630MRC37
    Purity: >98.50%

    MRC37 is a high-affinity TRIM21 ligand with a K d of 0.4 µM.

  • GC79631 structure
    GC79631JWP24 acetate
    Purity: >98.00%

    JWP24 acetate is the first cell membrane-permeable peptide inhibitor of MAGE-A4, with an IC 50 of 200 nM against human MAGE-A4.

  • GC79632 structure
    GC79632Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
    CAS: 115621-24-4
    Purity: >98%

    Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) is one of the main components (accounting for approximately 12%) of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the mammalian epidermal stratum corneum, and it is produced by the degradation of filaggrin.

  • GC79633 structure
    GC79633trans-Caffeic aldehyde
    CAS: 141632-15-7
    Purity: >98%

    Trans-Caffeic aldehyde is a type of phenylpropanoid compound, which was discovered in the secondary metabolites of the actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica.

  • GC79634 structure
    GC79634N-Methylnorsalsolinol
    CAS: 37491-98-8
    Purity: >99.50%

    N-Methylnorsalsolinol is an endogenous MPTP -like compound.

  • GC79635 structure
    GC796353-Methylundecane
    CAS: 1002-43-3
    Purity: >98.00%

    3-Methylundecane is a volatile compound that can be isolated from the Panax ginseng essential oil [1] .

  • GC79636 structure
    GC79636(RS)-Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate
    Purity: >98%

    (RS) -Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate is an intermediate in the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis pathway for the de novo synthesis of R-pantothenate (vitamin B5) from valine in plants and microorganisms.

  • GC79637 structure
    GC79637L-Indole-3-lactic acid
    CAS: 7417-65-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    L-Indole-3-lactic acid is an L (-)-tryptophan metabolite found in strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and also an indole-based antioxidant.

  • GC79638 structure
    GC79638Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
    CAS: 3040-56-0
    Purity: >97.00%

    Bis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) is an organophosphate esters (OPEs).

  • GC79639 structure
    GC79639Putreanine dihydrochloride
    CAS: 27561-79-1
    Purity: >99.50%

    Putreanine dihydrochloride is an alkaline diamino monocarboxylic acid amino acid that exists exclusively in the central nervous system of mammals and birds.