Proteases
Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio
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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Research Areas
- Caspase(168)
- Aminopeptidase(24)
- ACE(79)
- Calpains(11)
- Carboxypeptidase(10)
- Cathepsin(74)
- DPP-4(18)
- Elastase(25)
- Gamma Secretase(42)
- HCV Protease(37)
- HSP(113)
- HIV Integrase(28)
- HIV Protease(35)
- MMP(218)
- NS3/4a protease(4)
- Serine Protease(16)
- Thrombin(44)
- Urokinase(2)
- Other Proteases(15)
- Tyrosinases(56)
- 15-PGDH(2)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(21)
- Acyltransferase(69)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)(31)
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase(11)
- ATGL(1)
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase(55)
- Drug Metabolite(546)
- E1/E2/E3 Enzyme(113)
- Endogenous Metabolite(1860)
- FABP(8)
- Farnesyl Transferase(21)
- Glutaminase(20)
- Glutathione Peroxidase(48)
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)(31)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase(22)
- Lipoxygenase(264)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism(266)
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(7)
- Neprilysin(12)
- PAI-1(19)
- Ser/Thr Protease(71)
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(12)
- Xanthine Oxidase(20)
- MALT1(11)
- PCSK9(15)
- ADAMTS(1)
- TrxR(2)
- DGK(6)
- Quinone Reductase(1)
- Glycosidase(14)
Products Related to Proteases(4533)
- GC79761(E)-2-MethoxycinnamaldehydeCAS: 60125-24-8Purity: >98.00%
(E)-2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde ((E)-o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC 50 of 0.42 mM for mushroom tyrosinase.
- GC79764(E/Z)-ABP/PPAR modulator 1Purity: >97.00%
(E/Z)-ABP/PPAR modulator 1 is a mixture of the E and Z isomers of ABP/PPAR modulator 1.
- GC79807RP-182 acetatePurity: >98.50%
RP-182 acetate is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the mannose receptor CD206 ( K d = 8 μM) on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
- GC79842Citric acid-d 4 trisodiumCAS: 2704-20-3Purity: >98%
Citric acid-d 4 trisodium (Sodium citrate-d 4 ) is the deuterium labeled Citric acid trisodium.
- GC79863Hydroxyphenyllactic acid-d 3CAS: 2249814-89-7Purity: >98%
Hydroxyphenyllactic acid -d 3 is the deuterium labeled Hydroxyphenyllactic acid.
- GC79871CHNQD-00824CAS: 2222643-74-3Purity: >98%
CHNQD-00824 is a Terphenyllin derivative with potent anticancer effect.
- GC80473Pregnenolone-d 6Purity: >98%
Pregnenolone -d 6 (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one-d 6 ) is the deuterium labeled Pregnenolone [1] . Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones.
- GC80474Isobutyl heptanoateCAS: 7779-80-8Purity: >98.00%
Isobutyl heptanoate is a valine derivative analog.
- GC804753-Methylvaleric acid-d 11Purity: >98.50%
3-Methylvaleric acid-d 11 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylvaleric Acid.
- GC804763-Hydroxykynurenine- 13 C 2 , 15 N hydrochloridePurity: >98.50%
3-Hydroxykynurenine - 13 C 2, 15 N (3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine- 13 C 2, 15 N) hydrochloride is the 13 C and 15 N labeled 3-Hydroxykynurenine hydrochloride [1] . 3-Hydroxykynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, is a potential endogenous neurotoxin whose increased levels have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders.
- GC80477Sodium butyrate-d 3CAS: 347840-05-5Purity: >99.50%
Sodium butyrate -d 3 (Butanoic acid-d 3 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Sodium butyrate.
- GC80478Acetyl coenzyme A-d 3CAS: 121443-44-5Purity: >98.00%
Acetyl coenzyme A -d 3 (Acetyl-CoA-d 3 ) is the deuterium labeled Acetyl coenzyme A.
- GC80480BHQ-3 carboxylic acid chloridePurity: >90.00%
BHQ‑3 carboxylic acid is an azo‑containing dark fluorescence quencher.
- GC80486HW201877 enantiomerCAS: 2927452-82-0Purity: >97.00%
HW201877 enantiomer is the enantiomer of HW201877 and is 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase ( 15-PGDH ) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 12.2 nM.
- GC80487D-γ-Glu-TyrCAS: 2417507-97-0Purity: >99.50%
D-γ-Glu-Tyr is a D-isomer of γ-Glu-Tyr, the difference being the γ-Glu content.γ-Glu-Tyr, a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ( DPP-IV ) ( IC 50 =6.77 mM), is a potentially functional component of the type 2 diabetes diet [1] .
- GC804914-Methylamino antipyrine-d 3 -1CAS: 1246820-06-3Purity: >98%
4-Methylamino antipyrine-d 3 -1 is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylamino antipyrine-1.
- GC804932-Hydroxyhexanoic acid-d 3CAS: 1219798-84-1Purity: >98%
2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid -d 3 is the d 3 labeled 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid.
- GC804941-Phenylethanamine-d 3CAS: 474267-40-8Purity: >98%
1-Phenylethanamine -d 3 ((±)-1-Phenylethylamine-d 3 ) is the deuterium labeled 1-Phenylethanamine.
- GC80495Xylose- 13 C 2CAS: 201741-00-6Purity: >98%
Xylose- 13 C 2 (D-(+)-Xylose- 13 C 2 ) is the 13 C-labeled Xylose.
- GC80496L-Citrulline-d 2CAS: 1021439-17-7Purity: >98.00%
L-Citrulline -d 2 is the deuterium labeled L-Citrulline.
| Catalog No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GC79761 | (E)-2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde | 60125-24-8 | >98.00% | |
(E)-2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde ((E)-o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC 50 of 0.42 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. | ||||
| GC79764 | (E/Z)-ABP/PPAR modulator 1 | - | >97.00% | |
(E/Z)-ABP/PPAR modulator 1 is a mixture of the E and Z isomers of ABP/PPAR modulator 1. | ||||
| GC79806 | TKL002 | 3098518-95-4 | >98.00% | |
TKL002 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable inhibitor of the CTH/H 2 S/NF-κB/EMT signaling axis. | ||||
| GC79807 | RP-182 acetate | - | >98.50% | |
RP-182 acetate is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the mannose receptor CD206 ( K d = 8 μM) on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). | ||||
| GC79842 | Citric acid-d 4 trisodium | 2704-20-3 | >98% | |
Citric acid-d 4 trisodium (Sodium citrate-d 4 ) is the deuterium labeled Citric acid trisodium. | ||||
| GC79863 | Hydroxyphenyllactic acid-d 3 | 2249814-89-7 | >98% | |
Hydroxyphenyllactic acid -d 3 is the deuterium labeled Hydroxyphenyllactic acid. | ||||
| GC79871 | CHNQD-00824 | 2222643-74-3 | >98% | |
CHNQD-00824 is a Terphenyllin derivative with potent anticancer effect. | ||||
| GC80286 | ZD-2767P | 156079-88-8 | >98.00% | |
ZD-2767P (Compound 1) is a reversible and competitive inhibitor of IDH1, with its IC 50 value being 410 nM [1] . | ||||
| GC80408 | Meloxicam- 13 C 6 | - | >98.00% | |
Meloxicam -13C6 is 13 C 6 -labeled Meloxicam. | ||||
| GC80473 | Pregnenolone-d 6 | - | >98% | |
Pregnenolone -d 6 (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one-d 6 ) is the deuterium labeled Pregnenolone [1] . Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. | ||||
| GC80474 | Isobutyl heptanoate | 7779-80-8 | >98.00% | |
Isobutyl heptanoate is a valine derivative analog. | ||||
| GC80475 | 3-Methylvaleric acid-d 11 | - | >98.50% | |
3-Methylvaleric acid-d 11 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylvaleric Acid. | ||||
| GC80476 | 3-Hydroxykynurenine- 13 C 2 , 15 N hydrochloride | - | >98.50% | |
3-Hydroxykynurenine - 13 C 2, 15 N (3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine- 13 C 2, 15 N) hydrochloride is the 13 C and 15 N labeled 3-Hydroxykynurenine hydrochloride [1] . 3-Hydroxykynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan, is a potential endogenous neurotoxin whose increased levels have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders. | ||||
| GC80477 | Sodium butyrate-d 3 | 347840-05-5 | >99.50% | |
Sodium butyrate -d 3 (Butanoic acid-d 3 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Sodium butyrate. | ||||
| GC80478 | Acetyl coenzyme A-d 3 | 121443-44-5 | >98.00% | |
Acetyl coenzyme A -d 3 (Acetyl-CoA-d 3 ) is the deuterium labeled Acetyl coenzyme A. | ||||
| GC80480 | BHQ-3 carboxylic acid chloride | - | >90.00% | |
BHQ‑3 carboxylic acid is an azo‑containing dark fluorescence quencher. | ||||
| GC80484 | Sedoheptulose | 3019-74-7 | >98.00% | |
Sedoheptulose is a heptulose. | ||||
| GC80486 | HW201877 enantiomer | 2927452-82-0 | >97.00% | |
HW201877 enantiomer is the enantiomer of HW201877 and is 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase ( 15-PGDH ) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 12.2 nM. | ||||
| GC80487 | D-γ-Glu-Tyr | 2417507-97-0 | >99.50% | |
D-γ-Glu-Tyr is a D-isomer of γ-Glu-Tyr, the difference being the γ-Glu content.γ-Glu-Tyr, a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ( DPP-IV ) ( IC 50 =6.77 mM), is a potentially functional component of the type 2 diabetes diet [1] . | ||||
| GC80491 | 4-Methylamino antipyrine-d 3 -1 | 1246820-06-3 | >98% | |
4-Methylamino antipyrine-d 3 -1 is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylamino antipyrine-1. | ||||
| GC80493 | 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid-d 3 | 1219798-84-1 | >98% | |
2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid -d 3 is the d 3 labeled 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid. | ||||
| GC80494 | 1-Phenylethanamine-d 3 | 474267-40-8 | >98% | |
1-Phenylethanamine -d 3 ((±)-1-Phenylethylamine-d 3 ) is the deuterium labeled 1-Phenylethanamine. | ||||
| GC80495 | Xylose- 13 C 2 | 201741-00-6 | >98% | |
Xylose- 13 C 2 (D-(+)-Xylose- 13 C 2 ) is the 13 C-labeled Xylose. | ||||
| GC80496 | L-Citrulline-d 2 | 1021439-17-7 | >98.00% | |
L-Citrulline -d 2 is the deuterium labeled L-Citrulline. | ||||