Vancomycin |
Catalog No.GC37885
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is active against gram-positive bacteria.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 1404-90-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is active against gram-positive bacteria[1]. Vancomycin binds to the D-alanine-D-alanine residues of the cell wall monomer, causing conformational changes, blocking glycosyltransferase, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of cell wall monomers into the growing peptidoglycan chain and preventing further transpeptidation, ultimately interrupting cell wall synthesis[2]. Vancomycin has been widely used to alter the intestinal microbiota of mice and reduce the occurrence of diabetes[3].
In vitro, Vancomycin treatment (2μM) for 3 days significantly inhibited the viability of primary human muscle cells[4]. 4mM Vancomycin treatment for 48 hours significantly induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in LLC-PK1 cells[5].
In vivo, Vancomycin treatment via oral administration at a dose of 50mg/kg twice daily for 6 days altered the gut microbiota and increased anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice[6]. Oral administration of drinking water containing 500mg/ml Vancomycin for 67 consecutive days significantly alleviated the colonic damage and DNA damage in mice induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)[7].
References:
[1] Álvarez R, Lopez Cortes L E, Molina J, et al. Optimizing the clinical use of vancomycin[J]. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016, 60(5): 2601-2609.
[2] Rubinstein E, Keynan Y. Vancomycin revisited–60 years later[J]. Frontiers in public health, 2014, 2: 217.
[3] Hansen C H F, Krych L, Nielsen D S, et al. Early life treatment with vancomycin propagates Akkermansia muciniphila and reduces diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse[J]. Diabetologia, 2012, 55(8): 2285-2294.
[4] Braun J, Eckes S, Rommens P M, et al. Toxic effect of vancomycin on viability and functionality of different cells involved in tissue regeneration[J]. Antibiotics, 2020, 9(5): 238.
[5] Arimura Y, Yano T, Hirano M, et al. Mitochondrial superoxide production contributes to vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2012, 52(9): 1865-1873.
[6] Ray P, Pandey U, Das D, et al. Vancomycin-induced changes in host immunity and behavior: comparative genomic and metagenomic analysis in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice[J]. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2021, 66(11): 3776-3791.
[7] Tanaka Y, Ito S, Isobe K. Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1): 23920.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | LLC-PK1 cells |
Preparation Method | LLC-PK1 cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100U/ml penicillin, and 100μg/ml streptomycin at 37°C with 5% CO2 and 95% saturated atmospheric humidity. Cells were seeded into 96-well microplates at a density of 2.5×103 cells/ml for 24h. Various concentrations of Vancomycin (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5mM) were added to each well. After 48h of incubation, cell viability was analyzed. |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5mM; 48h |
Applications | Vancomycin treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | C57BL/6 mice |
Preparation Method | C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old) were housed in plastic cages within the following environment: the temperature was 23°C-26°C, the humidity was 50%-60%, and a 12h light/dark cycle. Vancomycin was orally gavaged twice daily at a gap of 12h for 6 days. The behavioral changes and intestinal tissues in mice were analysis. |
Dosage form | 50mg/kg; twice a day; 6 days; p.o. |
Applications | Vancomycin treatment altered gut microbiota and increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in mice. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 1404-90-6 | SDF | |
| Formula | C66H75Cl2N9O24 | M.Wt | 1449.25 |
| Solubility | 125 mg/mL in DMSO(ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C) | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 690 μL | 3.4501 mL | 6.9001 mL |
| 5 mM | 138 μL | 690 μL | 1.38 mL |
| 10 mM | 69 μL | 345 μL | 690 μL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 15 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)