3-Indolepropionic acid (Synonyms: 3-Indolepropionic Acid, NSC 3252, NSC 47831) |
Catalog No.GC31290
One-Click Copy Product Info
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3-Indolepropionic acid is a microbial metabolite with antioxidative, epithelial barrier-protecting, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 830-96-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
3-Indolepropionic acid is a microbial metabolite with antioxidative, epithelial barrier-protecting, and anti-inflammatory activities [1]. 3-Indolepropionic acid enhances the mucus barrier by increasing the expression of mucins MUC2 and MUC4 and the goblet cell secretion products TFF3 and RELMβ[2]. 3-Indolepropionic acid is widely used as a functional neuroprotective agent to prevent cerebral hemorrhage and improve brain damage[3].
In vitro, 3-Indolepropionic acid (1mM) treatment for 72 hours significantly inhibited the proliferation of HL-1 cardiomyocytes and mitochondrial function, resulting in a transformation of the cells' energy metabolism [4]. Treatment with 50μM 3-Indolepropionic acid for 24 hours significantly promoted the proliferation of LX-2 cells, resulting in a significant increase in the protein expression levels of COL1A1 and MMP2[5]. Treatment with 500μM 3-Indolepropionic acid for 12 hours significantly inhibited the production of IL-1β, and NF-κB and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in M1 type macrophages[6].
In vivo, 3-Indolepropionic acid treatment via oral administration at a dose of 100mg/kg for 6 weeks significantly reduced the neuro-pathological damage in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice and improved the motor coordination ability [7]. Oral administration of 100mg/kg of 3-Indolepropionic acid daily for 7 days significantly increased the survival rate of mice after being infected with the lethal LCMV Cl13 virus[8].
References:
[1] Lee H, Park S, Ju S, et al. Preparation and evaluation of colon-targeted prodrugs of the microbial metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid as an anticolitic agent[J]. Molecular pharmaceutics, 2021, 18(4): 1730-1741.
[2] Zhang B, Jiang M, Zhao J, et al. The mechanism underlying the influence of indole-3-propionic acid: a relevance to metabolic disorders[J]. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, 13: 841703.
[3] Han S, Wang Z, Guo F, et al. The gut microbial metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid as a functional neuroprotective agent against intracerebral hemorrhage: integrating epidemiological screening with in vivo validation[J]. Metabolic Brain Disease, 2026, 41(1): 144.
[4] Gesper M, Nonnast A B H, Kumowski N, et al. Gut-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid modulates mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes and alters cardiac function[J]. Frontiers in Medicine, 2021, 8: 648259.
[5] Yuan X, Yang J, Huang Y, et al. Gut microbiota metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid directly activates hepatic stellate cells by ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathways[J]. Biomolecules, 2023, 13(10): 1464.
[6] Han Z, Fu J, Gong A, et al. Bacterial indole-3-propionic acid inhibits macrophage IL-1β production through targeting methionine metabolism[J]. Science China Life Sciences, 2025, 68(4): 1118-1131.
[7] Shang M, Ning J, Zang C, et al. Microbial metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid alleviated PD pathologies by decreasing enteric glia cell gliosis via suppressing IL-13Rα1 related signaling pathways[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2025, 15(4): 2024-2038.
[8] Guijas C, Horton L E, Hoang L, et al. Microbial metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid mediates immunosuppression[J]. Metabolites, 2022, 12(7): 645.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | LX-2 cells |
Preparation Method | LX-2 cells were grown in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Cells (8×103 cells/ml) were seeded in 96-well plates and allowed to adhere in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C overnight, and were treated with 3-Indolepropionic acid (50μM) for 24h. The cell viability and expression of fibrosis markers were evaluated. |
Reaction Conditions | 50μM; 24h |
Applications | 3-Indolepropionic acid treatment significantly enhanced the cell viability of LX-2 cells and increased the protein expression levels of COL1A1 and MMP2. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Male C57BL/6J mice |
Preparation Method | Male C57BL/6J mice (22-25g) were kept under standard conditions (temperature 22±2°C and humidity 50%-60% on a 12h light/dark cycle) with free food and water ad libitum. Mice were orally administered with freshly prepared rotenone solution (30mg/kg) once a day for four weeks to induce PD pathological damage, and Control mice were treated with 0.5% CMC-Na. 3-Indolepropionic acid (100mg/kg) was orally administered once a day for 6 weeks. The brain tissues of the mice were collected for analysis. |
Dosage form | 100mg/kg; 6 weeks; p.o. |
Applications | 3-Indolepropionic acid treatment reduced inflammation and improved brain function in PD mouse. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 830-96-6 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | 3-Indolepropionic Acid, NSC 3252, NSC 47831 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=CC2=C1C(=C[NH]2)CCC(O)=O | ||
| Formula | C11H11NO2 | M.Wt | 189.21 |
| Solubility | DMSO: ≥ 100 mg/mL (528.51 mM); Water: 1 mg/mL (5.29 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C) | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.2851 mL | 26.4257 mL | 52.8513 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.057 mL | 5.2851 mL | 10.5703 mL |
| 10 mM | 528.5 μL | 2.6426 mL | 5.2851 mL |
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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 1 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)