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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Targets for  Reactive Oxygen Species

Products for  Reactive Oxygen Species

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC45226 β-BHC

    β-HCH, β-Hexachlorocyclohexane, β-Lindane

     β-BHC is an isomer of the organochlorine pesticide γ-lindane that is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of lindane. β-BHC Chemical Structure
  3. GC41623 β-Elemonic Acid

    Elemadienonic Acid, 3-Oxotirucallenoic Acid, 3-oxo Tirucallic Acid

     β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae) that exhibits anticancer activity. β-Elemonic Acid Chemical Structure
  4. GC41502 β-Myrcene

    NSC 406264

     β-Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties. β-Myrcene Chemical Structure
  5. GC41262 (±)-α-CMBHC Vitamin E is a well known antioxidant that exists in eight natural forms: four tocopherols (α, β, δ, and γ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, δ, and γ). (±)-α-CMBHC Chemical Structure
  6. GC41617 (±)-α-Tocopherol

    all-rac-α-Tocopherol, DL-α-Tocopherol

     (±)-α-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical Structure
  7. GC67191 (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate Chemical Structure
  8. GC39271 (±)-Naringenin

    SDihydrogenistein, NSC 11855, NSC 34875, Salipurol

     A citrusderived flavonoid (±)-Naringenin Chemical Structure
  9. GC40355 (±)13-HpODE

    13-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid; Linoleic acid 13-hydroperoxide

    (±)13-HpODE is a racemic mixture of hydroperoxides derived non-enzymatically from linoleic acid through the action of reactive oxygen species.

     (±)13-HpODE Chemical Structure
  10. GC40809 (+)-β-Citronellol

    (R)-Citronellol, (+)-Citronellol, (+)-(R)-Citronellol, (R)-(+)-β-Citronellol

     (+)-β-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (+)-β-Citronellol Chemical Structure
  11. GC63969 (+)-Schisandrin B (+)-Schisandrin B is an enantiomer of Schisandrin B. (+)-Schisandrin B Chemical Structure
  12. GC14049 (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

    EGCG

     (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate sulfate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea that inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Chemical Structure
  13. GC45248 (-)-FINO2 (-)-FINO2 is a ferroptosis-inducing peroxide compound that indirectly inhibits glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and oxidizes iron. (-)-FINO2 Chemical Structure
  14. GC38316 (-)-Limonene

    (±)-Dipentene, DL-Limonene, NSC 844, NSC 21446

     (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in many pine-needle oils and in turpentine. (-)-Limonene Chemical Structure
  15. GC90533 (-)-Pinoresinol

    A lignan with diverse biological activities

     (-)-Pinoresinol Chemical Structure
  16. GC41700 (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine

    CSTMP

     (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (CSTMP) is a stilbene derivative with antioxidant and anticancer activities. (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine Chemical Structure
  17. GC61668 (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid Chemical Structure
  18. GC39747 (E/Z)-GSK5182 (E/Z)-GSK5182 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK5182 and (Z)-GSK5182 isomers. (E/Z)-GSK5182 Chemical Structure
  19. GC41721 (R)-α-Lipoic Acid

    (R)-(+)-Lipoic Acid

     (R)-α-Lipoic acid is the naturally occurring enantiomer of lipoic acid, a cyclic disulfide antioxidant. (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Chemical Structure
  20. GC41837 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid

    8-oxo Caffeine, NSC 11259

    1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a methyl derivative of uric acid and a product of C-8 oxidation of caffeine by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

     1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid Chemical Structure
  21. GC46387 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9

    TMU-d9, 8-oxo Caffeine-d9

     An internal standard for the quantification of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9 Chemical Structure
  22. GC35037 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

    1,5-DCQA, 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

     1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative, and activates PI3K/Akt. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid Chemical Structure
  23. GC46481 1-Hydroxyphenazine

    Hemipyocyanine, NSC 88882

     A P. aeruginosa virulence factor 1-Hydroxyphenazine Chemical Structure
  24. GC18235 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol

    α-Chimyl Alcohol, (S)-(+)-Chimyl Alcohol

    1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol is a bioactive alkyl glyceryl ether.

     1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol Chemical Structure
  25. GC40146 1-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol

    18:1/16:0-DG, DG(18:1/16:0/0:0), 1,2-OP, 1-Olein-2-Palmitin

     1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-OP) is a diacylglycerol containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position and palmitic acid at the sn-2 position. 1-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol Chemical Structure
  26. GC41866 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium (trifluoromethylsulfonate) 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium is an acridinium ester that produces fluorescent 10-methyl-9-acridone upon oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, and other oxidants in alkaline conditions. 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium (trifluoromethylsulfonate) Chemical Structure
  27. GC41868 10-Nitrooleate

    10Nitrooleic Acid, 10nitro9transOctadecenoic Acid

     10-Nitrooleate (CXA-10), a nitro fatty acid, has potential effects in disease states in which oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and/or direct tissue toxicity play significant roles. 10-Nitrooleate Chemical Structure
  28. GC67628 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein acts as a fluorescent probe (Ex=496 nm and Em=525 nm) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein Chemical Structure
  29. GC42079 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate

    DCFDA, MFCD 37501

    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate is as a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).

     2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate Chemical Structure
  30. GC46057 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic Acid phenethyl ester An inhibitor of 5-LO 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic Acid phenethyl ester Chemical Structure
  31. GC72574 2-Oxopropanoate-13C5 sodium 2-Oxopropanoate-13C5 (sodium) is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. 2-Oxopropanoate-13C5 sodium Chemical Structure
  32. GC35095 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt Chemical Structure
  33. GC49005 2S-Eriodictyol

    (+)-Eriodictyol

     A flavanone with antioxidant activity 2S-Eriodictyol Chemical Structure
  34. GN10006 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde

    NSC 22961, Protocatechualdehyde, Protocatechuic aldehyde

     3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical Structure
  35. GC33992 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) (O-Methylferulic acid) is a monomer extracted and purified from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) Chemical Structure
  36. GC61673 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is an volatile organic compound with anti-biofilm and antifungal activities. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol Chemical Structure
  37. GC52324 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid sulfate

    3-HPPA sulfate

     A metabolite of certain phenols and glycosides 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid sulfate Chemical Structure
  38. GC14282 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid

    3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic acid,AKBA

     3-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid (Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of Boswellia serrate and a novel Nrf2 activator. 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid Chemical Structure
  39. GC49849 3-Aminosalicylic Acid

    3-ASA, NSC 285111

     A salicylic acid derivative 3-Aminosalicylic Acid Chemical Structure
  40. GC42251 3-Bromotyrosine (trifluoroacetate salt)

    3-bromo-Tyr

     3-Bromotyrosine is a product of protein oxidation found after activation of eosinophils during an allergic response. 3-Bromotyrosine (trifluoroacetate salt) Chemical Structure
  41. GC62794 3-Demethylcolchicine

    (-)-3-Demethylcolchicine

     3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite, possesses a hydroxy-group on its carbon ring that could participate in radical scavenging and markedly inhibits the carrageenin edema. 3-Demethylcolchicine Chemical Structure
  42. GC49364 3-Hydroxycoumarin

    3-Coumarinol, NSC 74691

     A coumarin with diverse biological activities 3-Hydroxycoumarin Chemical Structure
  43. GC45337 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin

    NSC 299113

     3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a metabolite of Aspergillus candidus.3-Hydroxyterphenyllin suppresses proliferation and causes cytotoxicity against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin induces S phase arrest and apoptosis. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin has the potential for the research of ovarian cancer. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin Chemical Structure
  44. GC31290 3-Indolepropionic acid

    3-Indolepropionic Acid, NSC 3252, NSC 47831

     A bacterial metabolite with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities 3-Indolepropionic acid Chemical Structure
  45. GC74668 3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole 3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole induces caspase-3 activities and the cellular generation of eactive oxygen species. 3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole Chemical Structure
  46. GC42338 4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide

    4ABAH, Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor 1, NSC 640

     4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide is an irreversible MPO myeloperoxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. 4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide Chemical Structure
  47. GC42351 4-carboxy TEMPO

    4-Carboxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl

     4-carboxy TEMPO is a nitroxide and spin label. 4-carboxy TEMPO Chemical Structure
  48. GC42401 4-hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide

    4-OOH-CY

     4-hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide, the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, can cross-link DNA and induce T cell apoptosis independently of caspase receptor activation. It also activates the mitochondrial death pathway through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide Chemical Structure
  49. GC18858 4-hydroxy Alternariol

    4-hydroxy AOH, 4-OH AOH

     4-hydroxy Alternariol is a metabolite of the mycotoxin alternariol formed through cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism. 4-hydroxy Alternariol Chemical Structure
  50. GC72066 4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone 4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality. 4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone Chemical Structure
  51. GC40477 4-Thiouracil

    2-hydroxy-4-Mercaptopyrimidine, NSC 43288, 4-Thiopyrimidin-2-one, 4-TU

     4-Thiouracil is a site-specific, photoactivatable probe used to detect RNA structures and nucleic acid-nucleic acid contacts. 4-Thiouracil Chemical Structure
  52. GC49339 5(6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate

    CDFDA

     An oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probe 5(6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate Chemical Structure
  53. GC20095 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin

    NSC 5302

    5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin is a coumarin derivative from Mexican tarragon. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin possesses antifungal and antibacterial activities.

     5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin Chemical Structure
  54. GC52227 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone

    (±)-δ-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone, 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-VL

     An active metabolite of various polyphenols 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone Chemical Structure
  55. GC90889 5-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone

    A metabolite of various polyphenols

     5-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone Chemical Structure
  56. GC45357 5-Chlorouracil   5-Chlorouracil Chemical Structure
  57. GC49233 5-Feruloylquinic Acid

    5-FQA

     A chlorogenic acid with antioxidant activity 5-Feruloylquinic Acid Chemical Structure
  58. GC39760 5-Galloylquinic acid 5-Galloylquinic acid, an main scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in green tea. 5-Galloylquinic acid Chemical Structure
  59. GC46033 5-Heneicosylresorcinol An alkylresorcinol 5-Heneicosylresorcinol Chemical Structure
  60. GC61638 5-Hydroxyoxindole 5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole Chemical Structure
  61. GC46079 5-Tricosylresorcinol 5-Tricosylresorcinolthe is the first cyst lipid. 5-Tricosylresorcinol Chemical Structure
  62. GC49864 6-Methylpterin

    6-MPT

     A derivative of folic acid 6-Methylpterin Chemical Structure
  63. GC18776 6α-hydroxy Cholesterol

    6α-OHC

    6α-hydroxy Cholesterol is an oxysterol that increases superoxide anion production in SK-N-BE cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM.

     6α-hydroxy Cholesterol Chemical Structure
  64. GC46080 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone

    3’,4’,7-Trihydroxyflavone, 5-Deoxyluteolin

     7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid aglycon compound isolated from broad bean pods. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone Chemical Structure
  65. GC63640 7-Hydroxyflavone

    NSC 94258, 7-hydroxy-2-Phenylchromone

     7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from M. 7-Hydroxyflavone Chemical Structure
  66. GC42627 8-Hydroxyguanine (hydrochloride)

    NSC 22720, 8Oxoguanine

     8-Hydroxyguanine is produced by oxidative degradation of DNA by hydroxyl radical. 8-Hydroxyguanine (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  67. GC92043 9(10)-Nitrooleate

    9(10)-Nitrooleic Acid; OA-NO2; 9(10)-nitro-9-trans-Octadecenoic Acid

     9(10)-Nitrooleate is a mixture of the nitroalkene endogenous lipid signaling molecules 9-nitrooleate. 9(10)-Nitrooleate Chemical Structure
  68. GC42642 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic Acid

    ABMDMA

    9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABMDMA) is a reagent used to detect singlet oxygen generation.

     9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic Acid Chemical Structure
  69. GC42649 9-Nitrooleate

    9Nitrooleic Acid, 9nitro9transOctadecenoic Acid

     Nitrated unsaturated fatty acids, such as 10- and 12-nitrolinoleate, cholesteryl nitrolinoleate, and nitrohydroxylinoleate, represent a new class of endogenous lipid-derived signalling molecules. 9-Nitrooleate Chemical Structure
  70. GC19496 AAPH

    AAPH is a water-soluble azo compound

     AAPH Chemical Structure
  71. GC63975 Acanthoside B Acanthoside B is a potential bioactive lignan with anti-inflammatory and anti-amnesic activities. Acanthoside B Chemical Structure
  72. GC11786 Acetylcysteine

    N-acetylcysteine; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NAC; Acetadote

     Acetylcysteine is the N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. Acetylcysteine Chemical Structure
  73. GN10298 Alibiflorin Alibiflorin Chemical Structure
  74. GC45379 Alloxan (hydrate)   Alloxan (hydrate) Chemical Structure
  75. GC11443 Allylthiourea Selective inhibitor of ammonia oxidation Allylthiourea Chemical Structure
  76. GC35306 alpha-Mangostin alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM. alpha-Mangostin Chemical Structure
  77. GN10484 Amentoflavone

    Didemethyl Ginkgetin, NSC 295677

     Amentoflavone Chemical Structure
  78. GC49336 AMK (hydrochloride)

    N-γ-acetyl-5-Methoxykynurenamine, N1-acetyl-5-Methoxykynuramine

     An active metabolite of melatonin AMK (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  79. GC49259 Antagonist G (trifluoroacetate salt)

    Arg-D-Trp-NmePhe-D-Trp-Leu-Met-NH2, Arg6,D-Trp7,9,NmePhe8-substance P (6-11)

     A neuropeptide antagonist Antagonist G (trifluoroacetate salt) Chemical Structure
  80. GC70979 Anti-inflammatory agent 38 Anti-inflammatory agent 38 (compound 23d) is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 pathway inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.38 μM for NO. Anti-inflammatory agent 38 Chemical Structure
  81. GC42819 Antimycin A3 Antimycin A3 is a component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex that is more polar than antimycin A1 and antimycin A2 but not antimycin A4. Antimycin A3 Chemical Structure
  82. GC42825 APF APF is a novel ROS indicator that selectively and dose-dependently fluoresces upon binding to certain reactive oxygen species in solution and in cells with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 490/515 nm. APF Chemical Structure
  83. GN10509 Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside

    7-O-β-D-Glucopyranosylapigenin, Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, Apigetrin, Cosmosiin, NSC 407303

     Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Chemical Structure
  84. GC52332 Arimoclomol

    BRX-220

     A co-inducer of heat shock proteins Arimoclomol Chemical Structure
  85. GC46005 Arjunolic Acid A triterpene with diverse biological activities Arjunolic Acid Chemical Structure
  86. GC70612 Arochlor 1254 Arochlor 1254 is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture with biphenyl and 54% chlorine. Arochlor 1254 Chemical Structure
  87. GC12070 Ascorbic acid (Standard)

    Ascorbate, NSC 33832, NSC 218455, Vitamin C

     An electron donor Ascorbic acid (Standard) Chemical Structure
  88. GN10534 Asiaticoside

    Ba 2742, NSC 36002, NSC 166062

     Asiaticoside Chemical Structure
  89. GC31350 Astaxanthin Astaxanthin, the red dietary carotenoid, is an orally effective and potent antioxidant. Astaxanthin Chemical Structure
  90. GC72858 Avenanthramide A Avenanthramide A is a ptoalexin, which can be found in oats (Avena sativa L. Avenanthramide A Chemical Structure
  91. GC48771 Avobenzone-13C-d3

    BMDBM-13C-d3, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane-13C-d3

     Avobenzone-13C-d3 Chemical Structure
  92. GC46904 Azoxystrobin

    ICI-A 5504

     A broad-spectrum fungicide Azoxystrobin Chemical Structure
  93. GC60616 AZT triphosphate

    3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate

     AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate Chemical Structure
  94. GC60617 AZT triphosphate TEA

    3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate TEA

     AZT triphosphate TEA (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate TEA) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate TEA Chemical Structure
  95. GC45820 Balsalazide-d4 A neuropeptide with diverse biological activities Balsalazide-d4 Chemical Structure
  96. GC17574 BAPTA calcium chelator BAPTA Chemical Structure
  97. GC15949 Benfotiamine

    Benzoylthiamine monophosphate

     A lipid-soluble form of vitamin B1 Benfotiamine Chemical Structure
  98. GN10221 Berberine

    Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase.

     Berberine Chemical Structure
  99. GC35497 Berberine chloride hydrate Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride hydrate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties. Berberine chloride hydrate Chemical Structure
  100. GN10208 Berberine hydrochloride

    BBR, Umbellatine, NSC 163088, NSC 646666

     Berberine hydrochloride is a bioactive alkaloid of the isoquinoline class derived from the medicinal plant Coptis chinensis of the Ranunculaceae family, possessing a wide range of pharmacological functions with applications in cancer, inflammation, diabetes, depression, hypertension, and various infections. Berberine hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  101. GN10523 Berberine Sulfate Berberine Sulfate Chemical Structure

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