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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Products for  Reactive Oxygen Species

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC41623 β-Elemonic Acid β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae) that exhibits anticancer activity. β-Elemonic Acid Chemical Structure
  3. GC41502 β-Myrcene β-Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties. β-Myrcene Chemical Structure
  4. GC67191 (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate Chemical Structure
  5. GC39271 (±)-Naringenin A citrusderived flavonoid (±)-Naringenin Chemical Structure
  6. GC40355 (±)13-HpODE

    (±)13-HpODE is a racemic mixture of hydroperoxides derived non-enzymatically from linoleic acid through the action of reactive oxygen species.

     (±)13-HpODE Chemical Structure
  7. GC40809 (+)-β-Citronellol (+)-β-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (+)-β-Citronellol Chemical Structure
  8. GC63969 (+)-Schisandrin B (+)-Schisandrin B is an enantiomer of Schisandrin B. (+)-Schisandrin B Chemical Structure
  9. GC14049 (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Chemical Structure
  10. GC45248 (-)-FINO2 (-)-FINO2 is a ferroptosis-inducing peroxide compound that indirectly inhibits glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and oxidizes iron. (-)-FINO2 Chemical Structure
  11. GC38316 (-)-Limonene (-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is a monoterpene found in many pine-needle oils and in turpentine. (-)-Limonene Chemical Structure
  12. GC41700 (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (CSTMP) is a stilbene derivative with antioxidant and anticancer activities. (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine Chemical Structure
  13. GC61668 (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid Chemical Structure
  14. GC39747 (E/Z)-GSK5182 (E/Z)-GSK5182 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK5182 and (Z)-GSK5182 isomers. (E/Z)-GSK5182 Chemical Structure
  15. GC41721 (R)-α-Lipoic Acid (R)-α-Lipoic acid is the naturally occurring enantiomer of lipoic acid, a cyclic disulfide antioxidant. (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Chemical Structure
  16. GC41837 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid

    1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a methyl derivative of uric acid and a product of C-8 oxidation of caffeine by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

     1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid Chemical Structure
  17. GC46387 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9 An internal standard for the quantification of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid 1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9 Chemical Structure
  18. GC35037 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative, and activates PI3K/Akt. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid Chemical Structure
  19. GC46481 1-Hydroxyphenazine A P. aeruginosa virulence factor 1-Hydroxyphenazine Chemical Structure
  20. GC18235 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol

    1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol is a bioactive alkyl glyceryl ether.

     1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol Chemical Structure
  21. GC40146 1-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol 1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-OP) is a diacylglycerol containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position and palmitic acid at the sn-2 position. 1-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol Chemical Structure
  22. GC41866 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium (trifluoromethylsulfonate) 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium is an acridinium ester that produces fluorescent 10-methyl-9-acridone upon oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, and other oxidants in alkaline conditions. 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl) Acridinium (trifluoromethylsulfonate) Chemical Structure
  23. GC41868 10-Nitrooleate 10-Nitrooleate (CXA-10), a nitro fatty acid, has potential effects in disease states in which oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and/or direct tissue toxicity play significant roles. 10-Nitrooleate Chemical Structure
  24. GC67628 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein acts as a fluorescent probe (Ex=496 nm and Em=525 nm) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein Chemical Structure
  25. GC42079 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate

    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate is as a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).

     2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate Chemical Structure
  26. GC46057 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic Acid phenethyl ester An inhibitor of 5-LO 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic Acid phenethyl ester Chemical Structure
  27. GC35095 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt Chemical Structure
  28. GC49005 2S-Eriodictyol A flavanone with antioxidant activity 2S-Eriodictyol Chemical Structure
  29. GN10006 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical Structure
  30. GC33992 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) (O-Methylferulic acid) is a monomer extracted and purified from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) Chemical Structure
  31. GC61673 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is an volatile organic compound with anti-biofilm and antifungal activities. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol Chemical Structure
  32. GC52324 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid sulfate A metabolite of certain phenols and glycosides 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid sulfate Chemical Structure
  33. GC14282 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid (Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of Boswellia serrate and a novel Nrf2 activator. 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid Chemical Structure
  34. GC62794 3-Demethylcolchicine 3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite, possesses a hydroxy-group on its carbon ring that could participate in radical scavenging and markedly inhibits the carrageenin edema. 3-Demethylcolchicine Chemical Structure
  35. GC49364 3-Hydroxycoumarin A coumarin with diverse biological activities 3-Hydroxycoumarin Chemical Structure
  36. GC45337 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a metabolite of Aspergillus candidus.3-Hydroxyterphenyllin suppresses proliferation and causes cytotoxicity against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin induces S phase arrest and apoptosis. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin has the potential for the research of ovarian cancer. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin Chemical Structure
  37. GC31290 3-Indolepropionic acid A bacterial metabolite with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities 3-Indolepropionic acid Chemical Structure
  38. GC42338 4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide 4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide is an irreversible MPO myeloperoxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. 4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide Chemical Structure
  39. GC42351 4-carboxy TEMPO 4-carboxy TEMPO is a nitroxide and spin label. 4-carboxy TEMPO Chemical Structure
  40. GC42401 4-hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide An activated analog of cyclophosphamide 4-hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide Chemical Structure
  41. GC18858 4-hydroxy Alternariol 4-hydroxy Alternariol is a metabolite of the mycotoxin alternariol formed through cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism. 4-hydroxy Alternariol Chemical Structure
  42. GC40477 4-Thiouracil 4-Thiouracil is a site-specific, photoactivatable probe used to detect RNA structures and nucleic acid-nucleic acid contacts. 4-Thiouracil Chemical Structure
  43. GC49339 5(6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate An oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probe 5(6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate Chemical Structure
  44. GC52227 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone An active metabolite of various polyphenols 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone Chemical Structure
  45. GC45357 5-Chlorouracil   5-Chlorouracil Chemical Structure
  46. GC49233 5-Feruloylquinic Acid A chlorogenic acid with antioxidant activity 5-Feruloylquinic Acid Chemical Structure
  47. GC39760 5-Galloylquinic acid 5-Galloylquinic acid, an main scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in green tea. 5-Galloylquinic acid Chemical Structure
  48. GC46033 5-Heneicosylresorcinol An alkylresorcinol 5-Heneicosylresorcinol Chemical Structure
  49. GC61638 5-Hydroxyoxindole 5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole Chemical Structure
  50. GC46079 5-Tricosylresorcinol 5-Tricosylresorcinolthe is the first cyst lipid. 5-Tricosylresorcinol Chemical Structure
  51. GC18776 6α-hydroxy Cholesterol

    6α-hydroxy Cholesterol is an oxysterol that increases superoxide anion production in SK-N-BE cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM.

     6α-hydroxy Cholesterol Chemical Structure
  52. GC46080 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid aglycon compound isolated from broad bean pods. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyflavone Chemical Structure
  53. GC42627 8-Hydroxyguanine (hydrochloride) 8-Hydroxyguanine is produced by oxidative degradation of DNA by hydroxyl radical. 8-Hydroxyguanine (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  54. GC42642 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic Acid

    9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABMDMA) is a reagent used to detect singlet oxygen generation.

     9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic Acid Chemical Structure
  55. GC42649 9-Nitrooleate Nitrated unsaturated fatty acids, such as 10- and 12-nitrolinoleate, cholesteryl nitrolinoleate, and nitrohydroxylinoleate, represent a new class of endogenous lipid-derived signalling molecules. 9-Nitrooleate Chemical Structure
  56. GC19496 AAPH

    AAPH is a water-soluble azo compound

     AAPH Chemical Structure
  57. GC11786 Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine is the N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. Acetylcysteine Chemical Structure
  58. GN10298 Alibiflorin Alibiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Alibiflorin Chemical Structure
  59. GC45379 Alloxan (hydrate)   Alloxan (hydrate) Chemical Structure
  60. GC11443 Allylthiourea Selective inhibitor of ammonia oxidation Allylthiourea Chemical Structure
  61. GC35306 alpha-Mangostin alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM. alpha-Mangostin Chemical Structure
  62. GN10484 Amentoflavone Extracted?from?Cunninghamia lanceolata needles;Store?the?product?in?sealed,?cool?and?dry?condition Amentoflavone Chemical Structure
  63. GC49336 AMK (hydrochloride) An active metabolite of melatonin AMK (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  64. GC49259 Antagonist G (trifluoroacetate salt) A neuropeptide antagonist Antagonist G (trifluoroacetate salt) Chemical Structure
  65. GC42825 APF APF is an aromatic amino-fluorescein derivative and fluorescent probe for highly reactive radicals. APF Chemical Structure
  66. GN10509 Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Chemical Structure
  67. GC52332 Arimoclomol A co-inducer of heat shock proteins Arimoclomol Chemical Structure
  68. GC46005 Arjunolic Acid A triterpene with diverse biological activities Arjunolic Acid Chemical Structure
  69. GC12070 Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. Ascorbic acid Chemical Structure
  70. GN10534 Asiaticoside Asiaticoside (Madecassol) is the active chemical component of the plant Centella asiatica. Asiaticoside is used to study potential treatments for wounds and burns. Asiaticoside Chemical Structure
  71. GC31350 Astaxanthin Astaxanthin, the red dietary carotenoid, is an orally effective and potent antioxidant. Astaxanthin Chemical Structure
  72. GC46904 Azoxystrobin A broad-spectrum fungicide Azoxystrobin Chemical Structure
  73. GC60616 AZT triphosphate AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate Chemical Structure
  74. GC60617 AZT triphosphate TEA AZT triphosphate TEA (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate TEA) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate TEA Chemical Structure
  75. GC17574 BAPTA calcium chelator BAPTA Chemical Structure
  76. GC15949 Benfotiamine Drug for painful nerve condition Benfotiamine Chemical Structure
  77. GN10221 Berberine An alkoloid natural product with hypocholesterolemic activity Berberine Chemical Structure
  78. GC35497 Berberine chloride hydrate Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride hydrate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties. Berberine chloride hydrate Chemical Structure
  79. GN10208 Berberine hydrochloride Berberine hydrochloride is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine hydrochloride induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties. Berberine hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  80. GN10523 Berberine Sulfate Extracted?from?Berberisthunbergiicv.atropurpurea;Store?the?product?in?sealed,?cool?and?dry?condition Berberine Sulfate Chemical Structure
  81. GC60076 Bigelovin Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helianthus-aquatica, is a selective retinoid X receptor α agonist. Bigelovin suppresses tumor growth through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of mTOR pathway regulated by ROS generation. Bigelovin Chemical Structure
  82. GC49708 Biliverdin (technical grade) A bile pigment Biliverdin (technical grade) Chemical Structure
  83. GC66485 Bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate Bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate is a fluorescent dye that can be used for generation of chemiluminescence. Bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate Chemical Structure
  84. GC35529 Bixin Bixin (BX), isolated from the seeds of Bixa orellana, is a carotenoid, possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Bixin Chemical Structure
  85. GC41397 BMPO

    BMPO is a cyclic nitrone spin trap agent, it is a water-soluble white solid which makes BMPO purification easier than other spin trap agents.

     BMPO Chemical Structure
  86. GC16921 Bromhexine HCl Bromhexine HCl is a potent and specific TMPRSS2 protease inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 μM. Bromhexine HCl Chemical Structure
  87. GC33134 Bufotalin Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation. Bufotalin Chemical Structure
  88. GC46960 Buprofezin An insecticide Buprofezin Chemical Structure
  89. GC30067 Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) Chemical Structure
  90. GN10356 Calycosin-7-glucoside Calycosin-7-glucoside is an isoflavone isolated from Astragali Radix. Calycosin-7-glucoside Chemical Structure
  91. GC18922 Camalexin Camalexin is an alkaloid released by plants of the Brassicaceae family in response to pathogen infection. Camalexin Chemical Structure
  92. GC30495 Canthaxanthin (E 161g) Canthaxanthin (E 161g) is a red-orange carotenoid with various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor properties. Canthaxanthin (E 161g) Chemical Structure
  93. GC65429 Capillarisin Capillarisin, as a constituent from Artemisiae Capillaris herba, is found to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Capillarisin Chemical Structure
  94. GC43139 Capsanthin Capsanthin is a carotenoid that has been found in red paprika and has diverse biological activities. Capsanthin Chemical Structure
  95. GC60674 Catalase from Aspergillus niger

    Catalase is a key enzyme in the metabolism of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its expression and localization is markedly altered in tumors.

     Catalase from Aspergillus niger Chemical Structure
  96. GC64933 Catalase from bovine liver

    Catalase is a key enzyme in the metabolism of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its expression and localization is markedly altered in tumors[1].

     Catalase from bovine liver Chemical Structure
  97. GC61865 Cearoin Cearoin increases autophagy and apoptosis through the production of ROS and the activation of ERK. Cearoin Chemical Structure
  98. GC52081 Chamazulene

    Chamazulene is a terpene that has been found in chamomile (M. recutita) flowers and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

     Chamazulene Chemical Structure
  99. GC64993 Chicoric acid Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid Chemical Structure
  100. GC60693 Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and cardioprotective activities. Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride Chemical Structure
  101. GN10518 Chitosamine hydrochloride Chitosamine hydrochloride (D-Chitosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Chitosamine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

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