ATP disodium trihydrate

ATP disodium trihydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium trihydrate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP disodium trihydrate provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium trihydrate is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation[1][2].

ATP disodium trihydrate (5 mM; 1 hour) co-treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL) has a synergistic effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HGFs[3].ATP disodium trihydrate (2 mM; 0.5-24 hours) induces secretion of IL-1β, KC and MIP-2 from BMDMs in a caspase-1 activation-dependent manner[4].ATP disodium trihydrate promotes neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro[4].

ATP disodium trihydrate (50 mg/kg; i.p.) protects mice against bacterial infection in vivo[4].ATP disodium trihydrate induces the secretion of IL-1β, KC and MIP-2 and neutrophils recruitment in vivo[4]. Animal Model: Four-week-old Kunming mice (18-22 g)[4]

[1]. Swennen EL, et al. Immunoregulatory effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate on cytokine release from stimulated whole blood. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Mar;35(3):852-8. [2]. M J L Bours, et al. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine as endogenous signaling molecules in immunity and inflammation. Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov;112(2):358-404. [3]. Shuo Xu, et al. Doxycycline inhibits NAcht Leucine-rich repeat Protein 3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β production induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol. 2019 Nov;107:104514. [4]. Yang Xiang, et al. Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate (ATP) Protects Mice against Bacterial Infection by Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5): e63759.