Crotaline (Monocrotaline) (Synonyms: Crotaline, MCT, NSC 28693) |
Catalog No.GN10512
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Crotaline (Monocrotaline) is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in plants of the genus Crotalaria, such as Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria mucronata.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 315-22-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Crotaline (Monocrotaline) is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in plants of the genus Crotalaria, such as Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria mucronata[1]. Crotaline causes severe damage to the liver and lungs and is commonly utilized to establish animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)[2,3,4].
In vitro, in perfused livers from fasted rats pretreated with phenobarbital and co-infused with the gluconeogenic precursor L-alanine (2.5mM), Crotaline (500μM) infused for 40min rapidly and significantly inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis[5]. Crotaline (0-600μM) treatment of primary rat hepatocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats for 24h concentration-dependently reduced cell viability, with an IC50 value of 225μM[6].
In vivo, a single subcutaneous injection of Crotaline (60mg/kg) in 6-week-old Wistar rats resulted in significantly increased lung-to-body weight ratio and right ventricle-to-left ventricle+septum weight ratio at 2 and 3 weeks post-injection compared to controls[7].
References:
[1] Fletcher M T, McKenzie R A, Blaney B J, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Crotalaria taxa from northern Australia: risk to grazing livestock[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009, 57(1): 311-319.
[2] McLEAN E K. The toxic actions of pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids[J]. Pharmacological reviews, 1970, 22(4): 429-483.
[3] Gomez-Arroyo J G, Farkas L, Alhussaini A A, et al. The monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in perspective[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2012, 302(4): L363-L369.
[4] Hill N S, Gillespie M N, McMurtry I F. Fifty years of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension: what has it meant to the field?[J]. Chest, 2017, 152(6): 1106-1108.
[5] Mingatto F E, Maioli M A, Bracht A, et al. Effects of monocrotaline on energy metabolism in the rat liver[J]. Toxicology letters, 2008, 182(1-3): 115-120.
[6] Suparmi S, Wesseling S, Rietjens I M C M. Monocrotaline-induced liver toxicity in rat predicted by a combined in vitro physiologically based kinetic modeling approach[J]. Archives of toxicology, 2020, 94(9): 3281-3295.
[7] Ito K M, Sato M, Ushijima K, et al. Alterations of endothelium and smooth muscle function in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive arteries[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2000, 279(4): H1786-H1795.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Primary rat hepatocytes |
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Preparation Method |
Primary rat hepatocytes (1.25×104cells/well) were exposed to Crotaline (0-600μM) for 24h, then cell viability was assessed using the WST‑1 assay. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0-600μM; 24h |
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Applications |
Treatment of primary hepatocytes from SD rats with 0-600μM Crotaline reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 225μM. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Six-week-old male Wistar rats |
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Preparation Method |
Six-week-old male Wistar rats received a single subcutaneous injection of Crotaline (60mg/kg). At 2 and 3 weeks post-injection, the rats were euthanized. The lungs, right ventricle, and left ventricle plus septum were isolated and weighed. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy were assessed by calculating the lung-to-body weight ratio and the right ventricle-to-left ventricle+septum weight ratio, respectively. |
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Dosage form |
60mg/kg; s.c. |
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Applications |
In weeks 2 and 3 after Crotaline treatment, the lung-to-body weight ratio and right ventricle-to-left ventricle+septum weight ratio of rats were significantly increased compared with the control group. |
References: [1] Suparmi S, Wesseling S, Rietjens I M C M. Monocrotaline-induced liver toxicity in rat predicted by a combined in vitro physiologically based kinetic modeling approach[J]. Archives of toxicology, 2020, 94(9): 3281-3295. [2] Ito K M, Sato M, Ushijima K, et al. Alterations of endothelium and smooth muscle function in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive arteries[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2000, 279(4): H1786-H1795. | |
| Cas No. | 315-22-0 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | Crotaline, MCT, NSC 28693 | ||
| Chemical Name | (3R,4R,5R,8a1R,13aR)-4,5-dihydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-4,5,8,8a1,10,12,13,13a-octahydro-2H-[1,6]dioxacycloundecino[2,3,4-gh]pyrrolizine-2,6(3H)-dione | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C([C@@](C([H])([H])[H])([H])[C@@]([C@@]1(C([H])([H])[H])O[H])(C([H])([H])[H])O[H])O[C@@]2([H])[C@](C(C([H])([H])OC1=O)=C([H])C3([H])[H])([H])N3C([H])([H])C2([H])[H] | ||
| Formula | C16H23NO6 | M.Wt | 325.15 |
| Solubility | ≥ 67.2 mg/mL in DMSO, ≥ 16.45 mg/mL in ETOH with ultrasonic and warming, ≥ 1.66 mg/mL in Water with ultrasonic and warming | Storage | 4°C, away from moisture and light |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.0755 mL | 15.3775 mL | 30.755 mL |
| 5 mM | 615.1 μL | 3.0755 mL | 6.151 mL |
| 10 mM | 307.6 μL | 1.5378 mL | 3.0755 mL |
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μL
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Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 30 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)