Pyocyanin (Synonyms: Sanasin,Sanazin,Pyocyanine) |
| Catalog No.GC13137 |
Pyocyanin is a biologically active phenazine pigment produced by the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acting as a nitric oxide (NO) antagonist in various pharmacological preparations and as mediator in biosensors.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 85-66-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Pyocyanin is a biologically active phenazine pigment produced by the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acting as a nitric oxide (NO) antagonist in various pharmacological preparations and as mediator in biosensors. Pyocyanin can also be used as electron shuttle in microbial fuel cells enabling bacterial electron transfers. Furthermore, Pyocyanin has broad antibiotic activity as well as has been identified as the key molecule produced by Pseudomonas that inhibits growth of pathogenic vibrios in aquaculture systems.[1]
In vitro study was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of Pyocyanin. Results indicated that L-132 cells were prone to Pyocyanin-induced toxicity. The IC50 value of Pyocyanin on inhibition of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was 112.01 ± 23.73 mg l−1. The IC50 value of Pyocyanin induced damage of plasma membrane was 21.79 ± 14.23 mg l−1. Moreover, Pyocyanin showed an IC50 of 32.57 ± 16.52 mg l−1 on inhibition of protein synthesis. When Pyocyanin has concentration of 25 mg l−1, 3.9 % inhibition of mitochondrial activity, 47.3 % plasma membrane damage and 26.6 % inhibition of protein synthesis were observed in L-132 cells. Whereas at lower concentration (6.25 mg l−1) the toxicity was negligible, whereas at 200 mg l−1 the values were 64.8, 72.8 and 91.7 %, respectively.[1]
In vivo study demonstrated that Pyocyanin was able to slow the beating of human respiratory tract cilia. The effects of Pyocyanin on tracheal mucus velocity of radiolabeled erythrocytes were tested in anesthetized guinea pigs. The effect of Pyocyanin was slower in onset, 600 ng causing 60% reduction in tracheal mucus velocity at 3 h, and no recovery occurred. Whereas combination of Pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine produced an initial rapid slowing equivalent to the same dose of 1-hydroxyphenazine given alone, but the later slowing attributed to Pyocyanin was greater than the same dose administered alone. This study demonstrates one mechanism by which products of P. aeruginosa, such as Pyocyanin may facilitate its colonization of the respiratory tract.
References:
[1]. Priyaja P, et al. Pyocyanin induced in vitro oxidative damage and its toxicity level in human, fish and insect cell lines for its selective biological applications. Cytotechnology. 2016 Jan;68(1):143-155.
[2]. Arora D, et al. Pyocyanin induces systemic oxidative stress, inflammation and behavioral changes in vivo. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2018 Jul;28(6):410-414.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Human embryonic lung epithelial cell line, L-132 |
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Preparation Method |
Cell cultures in 96 well plates were developed by adding 0.2 ml cell suspension in growth medium containing approximately 5 × 105 cells ml−1 and incubating for 12 h at appropriate temperature. |
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Reaction Conditions |
Pyocyanin was prepared with different concentrations in growth medium. Then added to the wells to attain final strength ranging from 6.25 to 200 µg ml−1 for XTT (mitochondrial activity), neutral red up take (plasma membrane damage) and SRB (protein synthesis), 0–200 µg ml−1 for LDH and H2O2, and 25–200 µg ml−1 for glucose consumption in triplicate for each concentration. Incubate for 24 h. |
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Applications |
The cytotoxicity of pyocyanin could be assessed by this experiment, facilitating pyocyanin’s safe usage toxicity. Higher concentrations of pyocyanin (175 and 200 mg l−1) only caused significant morphological changes such as clumping, and necrosis as visualized microscopically in L-132 cell line. Human cell membrane was found to be susceptible to oxidative damage induced by pyocyanin. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Male C57BL/6J mice (8-10 weeks, 20-30 g) |
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Preparation Method |
Mice were housed under controlled laboratory conditions, maintained on a 12 h day and night cycle. Then mice were acclimatized for 5 days to the lab conditions and handling prior to the actual beginning of the experiments. Mice were administered 0.9% saline as control, and pyocyanin by intranasal route. Another group was treated with LPS (P.aeruginosa) by intraperitoneal route to mimic the effects of ongoing infection on tissue permeability, and pyocyanin was instilled by intranasal route 3h after LPS injection. |
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Dosage form |
Pyocyanin (50 µg/50 µL in 0.9% saline); 0.9% saline (50 µL); LPS (3 mg/kg) |
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Applications |
Pyocyanin could be diffused into systemic circulation, which was not influenced by the pre-exposure to pseudomonal infestation. This experiment detected the plasma concentration of intranasally administered Pyocyanin. Furthermore, localized administration of Pyocyanin was able to elicit changes to behavior and a systemic pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effect. |
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References: [1]. Priyaja P, et al. Pyocyanin induced in vitro oxidative damage and its toxicity level in human, fish and insect cell lines for its selective biological applications. Cytotechnology. 2016 Jan;68(1):143-155. [2]. Arora D, et al. Pyocyanin induces systemic oxidative stress, inflammation and behavioral changes in vivo. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2018 Jul;28(6):410-414. |
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| Cas No. | 85-66-5 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | Sanasin,Sanazin,Pyocyanine | ||
| Chemical Name | 5-methyl-1(5H)-phenazinone | ||
| Canonical SMILES | Cn1c2ccccc2nc2c(=O)cccc12 | ||
| Formula | C13H10N2O | M.Wt | 210.2 |
| Solubility | 5mg/ml in ethanol, or in DMSO; 2.5mg/ml in DMF | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.7574 mL | 23.7869 mL | 47.5737 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9515 mL | 4.7574 mL | 9.5147 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4757 mL | 2.3787 mL | 4.7574 mL |
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
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- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
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Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 18 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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