Vasonatrin Peptide (1-27) (Synonyms: H2N-Gly-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gly-Cys-Phe-Gly-Leu-Lys-Leu-Asp-Arg-Ile-Gly-Ser-Met-Ser-Gly-Leu-Gly-Cys-Asn-Ser-Phe-Arg-Tyr-OH )

vasonatrin peptide (VNP). VNP is a chimera of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP).Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that contains a 17-amino acid ring structure and is secreted from atrial myocytes. ANP possesses natriuretic and vasoactive actions and is important in the control of cardiorenal homeostasis ⁽¹⁾. ANP mediates its biological actions via a specific ANP receptor (ANPR-A) that is expressed in endothelial cells and in renal epithelial cells ⁽²⁾. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a newly identified 22-amino acid peptide that like ANP has a 17-amino acid ring formed by a disulfide bond but is genetically distinct. Unlike ANP, CNP lacks the COOH-terminal amino acid extension from the ring structure. CNP functions biologically via a separate receptor (ANPR-B)that is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and in the kidney. While ANP and CNP both decrease cardiac preload and arterial pressure, they may involve different mechanisms ⁽³⁾.

Figure1  Formula of Vasonatrin Peptide (1-27),

Figure2  the structures of ANP, CNP, VNP, AC-NP

Ref:

1. De Bold, A. J., H. B. Borenstein, A. T. Veress, and H. Sonnenberg. 1981. A

rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extracts in rats. Life Sci. 28:89-94.

2. Wilcox, J. N., A. Augustine, D. V. Goeddel, and D. G. Lowe. 1991. Differential regional expression of three natriuretic peptide receptor genes within primate tissues. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3454-3462.

3. Clavell, A. L., A. J. Stingo, C. M. Wei, D. M. Heublein, and J. C. Burnett,

Jr. 1993. C-type natriuretic peptide: a selective cardiovascular peptide. Am. J.Physiol. 264:R290-R295.