Atractyloside Dipotassium Salt |
| Catalog No.GC15878 |
Inhibitor of ADP/ATP translocases
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 102130-43-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Atractyloside Dipotassium Salt is an inhibitor of ADP/ATP Translocase.
ATP-ADP translocase (AAT) is a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. It transports ATP from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm and transports ADP from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix.
In Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, atractyloside (3 mM) inhibited cells growth by 70%. The mitochondria became spherical shaped with translucent matrix rid of cristae. When transfered to normal medium, proliferation and macromolecular synthesis recovered to normal levels within 3 to 6 h [2].
In the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from the rabbit skeletal muscle with 10 μM of cytoplasmic Ca2+, atractyloside reduced the rate of choline+ influx through the Ca2+ channels to 60%. Also, it inhibited about half of Ca2+ channels incorporated into planar bilayers [1]. In mitochondrial membranes isolated from a rat heart muscle, atractyloside (5-100 μM) inhibited the chloride channels in dose-dependent way [3].
References:
[1]. Yamaguchi N, Kagari T, Kasai M. Inhibition of the ryanodine receptor calcium channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle by an ADP/ATP translocase inhibitor, atractyloside. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1999, 258(2): 247-251.
[2]. Pick-Kober KH, Schneider F. Proliferation, macromolecular synthesis and energy metabolism of in vitro grown Ehrlich ascites tumor cells after inhibition of ATP-ADP translocation by atractyloside. Eur J Cell Biol, 1984, 34(2): 323-329.
[3]. Malekova L, Kominkova V, Ferko M, et al. Bongkrekic acid and atractyloside inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2007, 1767(1): 31-44.
| Cell experiment [1-3]: | |
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Cell lines |
Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, J2-3T3 cells and cervical carcinoma cells |
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Preparation method |
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is > 37.05 mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
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Reacting condition |
3 mM, 24 h |
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Applications |
In cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, atractyloside (3 mM, 24 h) inhibited cell growth by 70% with not severe influence on cell viability. Atractyloside retarded cell cycle progression. After transfer of atractyloside treated cells to normal medium, proliferation and macromolecular synthesis normalized within 3 to 6 h. Atractyloside increased glucose consumption and lactate production. Lactate/glucose ratio was 1.9 after 24 h. Atractyloside reduced oxygen uptake. Atractyloside increased the ATP/ADP concentration ratio in the mitochondrial and extramitochondrial compartment. Atractyloside dose-dependently induced apoptosis in normal J2-3T3 cells and cervical carcinoma cells by loss of cell viability, nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering. The sensitivity of cells to atractyloside-induced apoptosis was found to be: HPV 16 E6-J2-3T3 > CaSki > normal-J2-3T3 cells approximately ts p53-J2-3T3 approximately vector-J2-3T3 cells > Hela > SiHa > C33A approximately C33A 16 E6. Atractyloside can induce opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in arteriolar smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Treatment with 7.5, 10, and 15 μM atractyloside for 10 min significantly reduced the relative ATP content in ASMCs by 48%, 63% and 66% of control, and ASMCs were hyperpolarized. |
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Other notes |
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
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References: [1]. Pick-Kober K H, Schneider F. Proliferation, macromolecular synthesis and energy metabolism of in vitro grown Ehrlich ascites tumor cells after inhibition of ATP-ADP translocation by atractyloside[J]. European journal of cell biology, 1984, 34(2): 323-329. [2]. Brown J, Higo H, Mckalip A, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 sensitizes cells to atractyloside‐induced apoptosis: Role of p53, ICE‐like proteases and the mitochondrial permeability transition[J]. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 1997, 66(2): 245-255. [3]. Song R, Bian H, Huang X, et al. Atractyloside induces low contractile reaction of arteriolar smooth muscle through mitochondrial damage[J]. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2012, 32(6): 402-408. | |
| Cas No. | 102130-43-8 | SDF | |
| Chemical Name | potassium (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-(((2aR,3R,5R,6aR,6bS,9R,11S,11aR)-3-carboxy-11-hydroxy-6a-methyl-10-methylenetetradecahydro-9,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalen-5-yl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-((3-methylbutanoyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl bis(sulfate) | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C)CC(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1OC2CC(C3CCC45CC(CCC4C3(C2)C)C(=C)C5O)C(=O)O)CO)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+] | ||
| Formula | C30H44K2O16S2 | M.Wt | 802.99 |
| Solubility | ≥ 37.05mg/mL in DMSO | Storage | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.2453 mL | 6.2267 mL | 12.4535 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2491 mL | 1.2453 mL | 2.4907 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1245 mL | 0.6227 mL | 1.2453 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 30 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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