Citations
1 publicationsPublications from researchers using this productDescription
Coppersensor 1 is a fluorescent sensor for selective and sensitive detection of copper(I) ions (Cu+) in biological samples, including live cells, with an excitation wavelength of 543nm and an emission wavelength of 576nm[1]. Coppersensor 1 comprising a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore coupled to a thioether-rich receptor, has a picomolar affinity for Cu+ with high selectivity over competing cellular metal ions. CS1 fluorescence increases up to 10-fold on binding to Cu+[2]. Copper is the third most abundant transition metal after iron and zinc, which plays a crucial role in the biological system as it is a cofactor of various human enzymes for pigment production, antioxidant, defense, and other metabolism[3]. Excess copper ions can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage bio-molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, leading to liver, kidney, and digestive disorders, whereas insufficient copper ion intake can lead to metabolic disorders of the brain and nervous system[4][5]. Coppersensor 1 can be applied in the research of cancer, antibacterial mechanisms, and neurodegenerative diseases[6-8].
References:
[1] Miller, E. W., Zeng, L., Domaille, D. W., & Chang, C. J. (2006). Preparation and use of Coppersensor-1, a synthetic fluorophore for live-cell copper imaging. Nature protocols, 1(2), 824–827.
[2] Zeng, L., Miller, E. W., Pralle, A., Isacoff, E. Y., & Chang, C. J. (2006). A selective turn-on fluorescent sensor for imaging copper in living cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(1), 10–11.
[3] Li, C., Li, Y., & Ding, C. (2019). The Role of Copper Homeostasis at the Host-Pathogen Axis: From Bacteria to Fungi. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(1), 175.
[4] Scolari Grotto, F., & Glaser, V. (2024). Are high copper levels related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between 2011 and 2022. Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine, 37(1), 3–22.
[5] Madsen, E., & Gitlin, J. D. (2007). Copper and iron disorders of the brain. Annual review of neuroscience, 30, 317–337.
[6] Hu, Y., Qian, Y., Wei, J., Jin, T., Kong, X., Cao, H., & Ding, K. (2021). The Disulfiram/Copper Complex Induces Autophagic Cell Death in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting ULK1. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12, 752825.
[7] Santo, C. E., Quaranta, D., & Grass, G. (2012). Antimicrobial metallic copper surfaces kill Staphylococcus haemolyticus via membrane damage. MicrobiologyOpen, 1(1), 46–52.
[8] Eskici, G., & Axelsen, P. H. (2012). Copper and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry, 51(32), 6289–6311.
Protocol
Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs[1].
1. Preparation of Reagent Stock Solution for Imaging:
(1) Dissolve 0.63mg of solid Coppersensor 1 in each milliliter of DMSO solvent to prepare a 1mM Coppersensor 1 stock solution (MW 630g/mol).
2. Coppersensor 1 Staining of Live Cells:
(1) Cell imaging experiments require a culture period of 1-2 days. Incubate cells according to your normal protocol.
(2) On the day before imaging, passage the cells onto 18mm glass coverslips coated with poly-L-lysine (50μg/mL). Adherent cells for imaging should grow to 50-80% confluence.
(3) Remove the cells from the incubator and transfer a coverslip to a 35mm culture dish containing 3mL of PBS buffer.
(4) Add 15μL of the 1mM Coppersensor 1 stock solution to the culture dish, resulting in a final dye concentration of 5μM. Mix thoroughly.
(The higher the dye concentration, the higher the background fluorescence level)
(5) Incubate in the dark at 25 or 37℃ for 5-20 minutes.
3. Imaging of Coppersensor 1 Stained Cells:
(1) Image under a standard confocal microscope with an excitation wavelength of 543nm and an emission wavelength of 576nm. (Coppersensor 1 can be imaged using any type of fluorescence microscope, including epifluorescence, confocal, and multiphoton).
Precautions:
①It is recommended to set up a positive control group, in which cells are incubated with 30μM oleic acid for 8 hours before proceeding with subsequent experiments.
②Fluorescent dyes are prone to quenching. Please try to avoid light exposure to slow down the quenching of fluorescence.
③For your safety and health, please wear a lab coat and disposable gloves when performing the operations.
References:
[1] Miller, E. W., Zeng, L., Domaille, D. W., & Chang, C. J. (2006). Preparation and use of Coppersensor-1, a synthetic fluorophore for live-cell copper imaging. Nature protocols, 1(2), 824–827.
Product Documents
Chemical Properties
Use stock solutions within 6 months when stored at -80°C or within 1 month when stored at -20°C.
To improve solubility, warm the tube to 37°C and sonicate it for an appropriate period.
CalculatorsMolarity / Dilution / Molecular Weight / Unit Conversion / In Vivo Formulation / Solubility
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