Dexamethasone palmitate (Synonyms: Dexamethasone 21-palmitate, DXP, Limethason) |
Catalog No.GC38573
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Dexamethasone palmitate is a highly lipophilic glucocorticoid prodrug. Dexamethasone palmitate exhibits 47-fold lower affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor compared to Dexamethasone.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 14899-36-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Dexamethasone palmitate is a highly lipophilic glucocorticoid prodrug. Dexamethasone palmitate exhibits 47-fold lower affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor compared to Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone palmitate can be hydrolyzed by esterases in inflamed tissues to the active metabolite dexamethasone, exerting anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Dexamethasone palmitate can inhibit macrophage chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species release. Dexamethasone palmitate can be used in related research on rheumatoid arthritis, graft-versus-host disease, macular edema, and sudden sensorineural hearing loss[1-4].
In vitro, treatment of macrophages activated with 100ng/mL LPS and 20ng/mL IFN-γ with 25μM Dexamethasone palmitate for 6-24 hours promoted rapid cell detachment from culture plates and reduced macrophage viability[5]. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells activated with 0.1μg/mL LPS with 100μg/mL Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles for 24 hours reduced TNF-α and MCP-1 secretion levels[6].
In vivo, intravitreal injection of 4μg Dexamethasone palmitate (0.5μL) immediately after laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in the right eye of Brown Norway rats. Dexamethasone palmitate reduced fluorescein leakage scores and decreased choroidal neovascularization volume[7]. Intravenous injection of 10mg/kg Dexamethasone palmitate on day 7 and day 14 after transplantation in C57BL/6J mice with lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Dexamethasone palmitate reduced clinical GVHD scores, decreased skin and intestinal tissue damage and F4/80⁺ macrophage numbers, and increased survival rate[8]. Inhalation of solid lipid nanoparticles containing Dexamethasone palmitate (5, 10, or 15mg/kg) via mesh nebulizer for 20 minutes in C57BL/6JNarl mice with intratracheal LPS-induced lung inflammation. Dexamethasone palmitate reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alleviated alveolar immune cell infiltration in lung tissue, and maintained alveolar and bronchiolar structural integrity[9].
References:
[1] Ahn JH. Dexamethasone palmitate: A promising intratympanic treatment option for severe sudden hearing loss. Am J Otolaryngol. 2026 Jan-Feb;47(1):104766.
[2] Wang B, Huang C, Xu L, et,al. Bioequivalence evaluation of dexamethasone palmitate injections by intravenous injection in healthy Chinese volunteers: a 2-period crossover trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Dec;398(12):17735-17743.
[3] Lei Y, Cao YX, Xu CB, et al. The Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074 and dexamethasone suppress sidestream smoke-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Respir Res. 2008 Nov 3;9:71.
[4]Ono R, Sakamoto K, Doi T, et al. Dexamethasone palmitate for children with Epstein-Barr virus associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Int J Hematol. 2025 Feb;121(2):252-256.
[5] Nishiwaki S, Nakayama T, Murata M, et al. Dexamethasone palmitate successfully attenuates hemophagocytic syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: macrophage-targeted steroid therapy. Int J Hematol. 2012 Apr;95(4):428-433.
[6] Lorscheider M, Tsapis N, ur-Rehman M, et al. Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles: An efficient treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release. 2019 Apr 10;296:179-189.
[7] Daull P, Paterson CA, Kuppermann BD, et al. A preliminary evaluation of dexamethasone palmitate emulsion: a novel intravitreal sustained delivery of corticosteroid for treatment of macular edema. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2013;29(2):258-269.
[8] Nishiwaki S, Nakayama T, Murata M, et al. Dexamethasone Palmitate Ameliorates Macrophages-Rich Graft-versus-Host Disease by Inhibiting Macrophage Functions. PLoS ONE. 2014 May 7;9(5):e96252.
[9] Chen H-H, Sang C-H, Chou C-W, et al. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Dexamethasone Palmitate for Pulmonary Inflammation Treatment by Nebulization Approach. Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun;16(7):878.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
RAW 264.7 cells (mouse macrophage cell line) |
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Preparation Method |
RAW 264.7 cells were seeded in 24-well plates at 4×104 cells/well and incubated 48h until 80% confluency. Cells were stimulated with 0.1μg/mL LPS for 3h, then treated with Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles at 100μg/mL (equivalent to 82μg/mL free dexamethasone phosphate) for 24h. Supernatants were collected and TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were quantified by cytometric beads array. |
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Reaction Conditions |
100μg/mL; 24h |
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Applications |
Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles reduced TNF-α secretion and MCP-1 secretion in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Lethally irradiated C57BL/6J mice (recipient) with BALB/c donor TCD-BM (5×106) and T lymphocytes (1×107) co-transplanted via tail vein |
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Preparation Method |
Mice were intravenously administered 10mg/kg Dexamethasone palmitate on day 7 and day 14 after transplantation. Mice were monitored daily for clinical GVHD score (3 times/week until day 42), survival, and were sacrificed for histopathologic analysis of skin and gut, F4/80 immunohistochemistry, and FACS analysis of dermal macrophage chimerism. |
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Dosage form |
10mg/kg; i.v.; twice does (day 7 and day 14) |
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Applications |
Dexamethasone palmitate decreased clinical GVHD score, reduced skin and gut pathological GVHD scores, lowered F4/80⁺ macrophage number in skin and gut, reduced mRNA levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and increased IL-10 in skin macrophages, and rescued about 20% of mice from GVHD-related death. |
References: [1] Lorscheider M, Tsapis N, ur-Rehman M, et al. Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles: An efficient treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release. 2019 Apr 10;296:179-189. [2] Nishiwaki S, Nakayama T, Murata M, et al. Dexamethasone Palmitate Ameliorates Macrophages-Rich Graft-versus-Host Disease by Inhibiting Macrophage Functions. PLoS ONE. 2014 May 7;9(5):e96252. | |
| Cas No. | 14899-36-6 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | Dexamethasone 21-palmitate, DXP, Limethason | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C[C@@]12[C@](C[C@@H](C)[C@]2(O)C(COC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O)=O)([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@@](F)([C@@]4(C(CC3)=CC(C=C4)=O)C)[C@@H](O)C1 | ||
| Formula | C38H59FO6 | M.Wt | 630.87 |
| Solubility | DMSO: 250 mg/mL (396.28 mM) | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.5851 mL | 7.9256 mL | 15.8511 mL |
| 5 mM | 317 μL | 1.5851 mL | 3.1702 mL |
| 10 mM | 158.5 μL | 792.6 μL | 1.5851 mL |
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
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Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 12 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)