Eupalinolide B is a germacrane sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Eupatorium lindleyanum that possesses a variety of biological activities[1-2]. Eupalinolide B induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Eupalinolide B can be used in research related to various cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and other conditions[3-4].
In vitro, Eupalinolide B was used to treat human hepatoma cell lines SMMC-7721 and HCCLM3 (6, 12, 24μM) for 48 hours. Eupalinolide B significantly inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the S phase and induced ferroptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and HO-1 activation[5]. Eupalinolide B (4–8μM) was used to treat RAW264.7 cells stimulated with Pg-LPS (10μg/mL) for 24 hours. Eupalinolide B significantly inhibited the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and suppressed IκBα phosphorylation and the activation/nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65[6].
In vivo, Eupalinolide B (20mg/kg or 40mg/kg) was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection to nude mice bearing PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell xenografts for 4 weeks. Eupalinolide B significantly slowed tumor growth, resulting in markedly reduced tumor volume and weight[7]. Eupalinolide B (20mg/kg) was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection to a BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model bearing KRAS-mutant H358 cells for 18 days. Eupalinolide B significantly inhibited tumor growth, leading to a clear reduction in both tumor volume and weight[8].
References:
[1] Gu SL, Liu XS, Xu ZS, et al. Eupalinolide B alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy via regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Feb 20;148:114179.
[2] Yang L, Chen H, Hu Q, et al. Eupalinolide B attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling by targeting TAK1 protein. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Oct;111:109148.
[3] Wang TT, Zhou MY, Gong XN, et al. Eupalinolide B alleviates corticosterone-induced PC12 cell injury and improves depression-like behaviors in CUMS rats by regulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 May;235:116831.
[4] Bai Q, Wang C, Ding N, et al. Eupalinolide B targets DEK and PANoptosis through E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF149 and RNF170 to negatively regulate asthma. Phytomedicine. 2025 Jun;141:156657.
[5] Zhang Y, Zhang H, Mu J, et al. Eupalinolide B inhibits hepatic carcinoma by inducing ferroptosis and ROS-ER-JNK pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2022 Jul 25;54(7):974-986.
[6] Kuang W, Zhuge R, Song P, et al. Eupalinolide B inhibits periodontitis development by targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3. MedComm (2020). 2025 Jan 14;6(1):e70034.
[7] Huang Q, Yang J, Zhang J, et al. Eupalinolide B suppresses pancreatic cancer by ROS generation and potential cuproptosis. iScience. 2024 Jul 14;27(8):110496.
[8] Wang W, Yu J, Huang T, et al. Eupalinolide B exerts cytotoxic effects against KRAS-mutant NSCLC through Nrf2/HO-1-regulated ferroptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2025 Dec 4.