PFK-158 is a potent and selective inhibitor of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) (IC50=137nM). PFK-158 binds to and inhibits PFKFB3 activity, reduces fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels, thereby suppressing cancer cell glycolysis and glucose uptake, decreasing ATP production and lactate release, and inducing apoptosis, autophagy and chemosensitization, exerting immunomodulatory effects on Th17 cells, γδT17 cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. PFK-158 can be used in research related to solid tumors including breast cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma and colon cancer, as well as follicular lymphoma, in metabolism and oncology studies[1-4].
In vitro, treatment with PFK-158 (10nM-1μM) for 72h in multiple myeloma cells (RPMI8226, U266, MM.1S, MM.1R and bortezomib-resistant KMS-11/BTZ cells) inhibited myeloma cell proliferation, increased Caspase3/7 activity and decreased 20S proteasome activity[5]. Treatment with PFK-158 (1μM) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) immediately caused a decrease in electrical resistance and induced reversible barrier dysfunction[6]. Treatment with PFK-158 (0-20μM) for 24h in human small cell lung cancer cells (H1048, H1882, H1876 and DMS53 cells) dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation, downregulated CSC markers Aldh1, CD133, CD44 and Sox2 expression, and promoted apoptosis[7].
In vivo, female ICR mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae H04 or Enterobacter cloacae D01 received an intravenous injection of PFK-158 at 15mg/kg combined with colistin 1 hour post-infection, PFK-158 improved survival rates of mice infected with K. pneumoniae H04 or E. cloacae D01 and significantly reduced bacterial loads in liver, spleen and kidney tissues[8]. Ldlr-/- mice on a high-fat cholesterol diet received intraperitoneal injections of PFK-158 at 2mg/kg three times per week for 5 weeks, PFK-158 reduced the incidence of aortic arch fibrous cap atheromas (advanced plaques), decreased necrotic core area and intra-plaque apoptosis, increased fibrous cap thickness and smooth muscle cell content, and improved plaque stability index[9]. Nu/nu mice subcutaneously inoculated with EMMeso cells in the right forelimb received intraperitoneal injections of PFK-158 at 30mg/kg twice per week for 2 weeks, PFK-158 reduced tumor burden, tumor volume and tumor weight[10].
References:
[1] Pan Y, Zhang Y, Laghari ZA, et al. PFK-158 enhances colistin efficacy against resistant Edwardsiella piscicida through synergistic mechanisms. Front Vet Sci. 2026 Feb 12;13:1748700.
[2] Wang W, Zhang YW, Hu SJ, et al. Design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of PFK-158 derivatives as potent agents against drug-resistant bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2021 Jun 1;41:127980.
[3] Tan B, Zhang J, Dong K, et al. Neutrophil glycolysis mediates colitis-induced exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Feb 15;171:116127.
[4] Jia W, Wu Q, Shen M, et al. PFKFB3 regulates breast cancer tumorigenesis and Fulvestrant sensitivity by affecting ERα stability. Cell Signal. 2024 Jul;119:111184.
[5] Okabe S, Tanaka Y, Gotoh A. Therapeutic targeting of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 in multiple myeloma cells under hypoxic conditions. Biomarker Res. 2022 May 16;10:31.
[6] Naghdi A, Oska N, Yumnamcha T, et al. The significance of upper glycolytic components in regulating retinal pigment epithelial cellular behavior. Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 14;14:18862.
[7] Thirusangu P, Ray U, Sarkar Bhattacharya S, et al. PFKFB3 regulates cancer stemness through the hippo pathway in small cell lung carcinoma. Oncogene. 2022 Jul;41(36):4003-4017.
[8] Zhang Y, Wang X, Li X, et al. Synergistic effect of colistin combined with PFK-158 against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Jul;63(7):e00271-19.
[9] Poels K, Schnitzler JG, Waissi F, et al. Inhibition of PFKFB3 Hampers the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Promotes Plaque Stability. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Nov 12;8:581641.
[10] Sarkar Bhattacharya S, Thirusangu P, Jin L, et al. PFKFB3 inhibition reprograms malignant pleural mesothelioma to nutrient stress-induced macropinocytosis and ER stress as independent binary adaptive responses. Cell Death Dis. 2019 Sep 27;10(10):725.
















