Phentolamine-d4 (hydrochloride) |
| Catalog No.: GC45999 |
An internal standard for the quantification of phentolamine
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
-
Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Phentolamine-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of phentolamine by GC- or LC-MS. Phentolamine is a reversible antagonist of α-adrenergic receptors, non-specifically binding all α1- and α2-adrenoceptors with nanomolar affinities.1,2,3,4 Formulations containing phentolamine have been used in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies, as well as chronic and emergent pain.
|1. Lomasney, J.W., Cotecchia, S., Lorenz, W., et al. Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the α1A-adrenergic receptor. The gene for which is located on human chromosome 5. J. Biol. Chem. 266(10), 6365-6369 (1991).|2. Millan, M.J., Newman-Tancredi, A., Audinot, V., et al. Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at α2-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse 35(2), 79-95 (2000).|3. O'Rourke, M.F., Iversen, L.J., Lomasney, J.W., et al. Species orthologs of the Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor: The pharmacological properties of the bovine and rat receptors differ from the human and porcine receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 271(2), 735-740 (1994).|4. Richelson, E., and Nelson, A. Antagonism by antidepressants of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 230(1), 94-102 (1984).
| Cas No. | 1346599-65-2 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C2=CC(O)=CC=C2)CC3=NC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])N3.Cl | ||
| Formula | C17H15D4N3O.HCl | M.Wt | 321.8 |
| Solubility | DMSO: slightly soluble,Methanol: slightly soluble | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. | ||
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice All other available size: ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
||
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Nalfurafine hydrochloride, a κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist, Induces Melanophagy via PKA Inhibition in B16F1 Cells
Cells 2022 Dec 29;12(1):146.PMID:36611940DOI:10.3390/cells12010146.
Selective autophagy controls cellular homeostasis by degrading unnecessary or damaged cellular components. Melanosomes are specialized organelles that regulate the biogenesis, storage, and transport of melanin in melanocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying melanosomal autophagy, known as the melanophagy pathway, are poorly understood. To better understand the mechanism of melanophagy, we screened an endocrine-hormone chemical library and identified nalfurafine hydrochlorides, a κ-opioid receptor agonist, as a potent inducer of melanophagy. Treatment with nalfurafine hydrochloride increased autophagy and reduced melanin content in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated cells. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy blocked melanosomal degradation and reversed the nalfurafine hydrochloride-induced decrease in melanin content in α-MSH-treated cells. Consistently, treatment with other κ-opioid receptor agonists, such as MCOPPB or mianserin, inhibited excessive melanin production but induced autophagy in B16F1 cells. Furthermore, nalfurafine hydrochloride inhibited protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which was notably restored by forskolin, a PKA activator. Additionally, forskolin treatment further suppressed melanosomal degradation as well as the anti-pigmentation activity of nalfurafine hydrochloride in α-MSH-treated cells. Collectively, our data suggest that stimulation of κ-opioid receptors induces melanophagy by inhibiting PKA activation in α-MSH-treated B16F1 cells.
Antiparasitic activities of new lawsone Mannich bases
Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019 Nov;352(11):e1900128.PMID:31536649DOI:10.1002/ardp.201900128.
A series of new lawsone Mannich bases derived from salicylaldehydes or nitrofurfural were prepared and tested for their activities against Leishmania major, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites. The hydrochloride salts 5a and 6a of the Mannich bases 2a and 3a, derived from unsubstituted salicylaldehyde and long-chained alkyl amines, were selectively and strongly active against T. gondii cells and appear to be new promising drug candidates against this parasite. Compound 6a showed an even higher activity against T. gondii than the known lawsone Mannich base 1b. Compound 4a, derived from salicylaldehyde and 2-methylaminopyridine, was also distinctly active against T. gondii cells. The derivatives 3a (salicyl derivative), 3b (3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl derivative), and 3d (5-nitrofuranyl derivative) as well as the hydrochlorides 6a and 6b were also efficacious against T. b. brucei cells with compounds 3a and 3b being more selective for T. b. brucei over Vero cells when compared with the known control compound 1b. The derivatives 5a, 5c, 6a, and 6c proved to be up to five times more active than 1b against L. major promastigotes and up to four times more efficacious against L. major amastigotes.
Iodine-Catalyzed Diazenylation with Arylhydrazine Hydrochlorides in Air
J Org Chem 2018 Apr 6;83(7):3537-3546.PMID:29486127DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.7b03149.
A mild approach to diazenylation of active methylene compounds and N-heterocyclic compounds with arylhydrazine hydrochlorides in the presence of iodine under basic aerobic conditions was developed. The reaction could be executed either under heating or in the presence of blue LED light, though the latter condition was found to be relatively efficient. Presumably, the aryldiazene produced by oxidation of arylhydrazine hydrochloride acts as a nitrogen scavenger of the radical intermediate generated from the active methylene compound in the presence of iodine to produce the diazo compounds. The scope and limitations of the protocol are presented.
Green Formation of Novel Pyridinyltriazole-Salicylidene Schiff Bases
Curr Org Synth 2019;16(2):309-313.PMID:31975681DOI:10.2174/1570179416666181207145951.
Aim and objective: In this work, water was used as solvent for the eco-friendly synthesis of imines under microwave irradiation. In the first step of the study, 5-pyridinyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochlorides were synthesized in the reaction of amino guanidine hydrochloride with different pyridine carboxylic acids under acid catalysis. A green method for 5-pyridinyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles was developed with the assistance of microwave synthesis. In the second step, the eco-friendly synthesis of imines was achieved by reacting 5- pyridinyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine hydrochlorides with salicylic aldehyde derivatives to produce 2-(5- pyridinyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol imines. Materials and methods: Microwave experiments were done using a monomode Anton Paar Monowave 300 microwave reactor (2.45 GHz). Reaction temperatures were monitored by an IR sensor. Microwave experiments were carried out in sealed microwave process vials G10 with maximum reaction volume of 10 mL. Results: When alternative methods were used, it was impossible to obtain good yields from ethanol. Nevertheless, the use of water was successful for this reaction. After 1-h microwave irritation, a yellow solid was obtained in 82% yield. Conclusion: In this work an eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of Schiff bases from 5-(pyridin-2-, 3- or 4- yl)-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and substituted salicylic aldehydes in water under microwave irradiation was developed. Under the found conditions the high yields for the products were achieved at short reaction time and with an easy isolation procedure.
Liquid Co-crystals of Dual-Active Phenothiazine-NSAID Drugs: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Characterization
ACS Omega 2022 May 9;7(20):16990-17001.PMID:35647432DOI:10.1021/acsomega.1c07382.
Four aliphatic phenothiazine cations (promazinium, promethazinium, chlorpromazinium, and triflupromazinium) were each paired with docusate anions and three different NSAID anions (ibuprofen, salicylate, and naproxen) to form fifteen glassy materials and one solid. The compounds were prepared via the metathesis reaction between the corresponding phenothiazine hydrochloride salts and sodium docusate or sodium NSAID salts and were obtained as liquid co-crystals with various degrees of ionization. The self-diffusion coefficients of several derivatives in 0.06 M DMSO-d 6 solutions were determined using DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The influence of the size, shape of the compounds, and intermolecular forces has been investigated by using the four promazine and the four ibuprofen co-crystals. The ion pairs (or aggregates) were found to be maintained in six out of the seven compounds examined. All fifteen glassy compounds showed reversible glass transitions in the -25 to 10 °C range with the docusate derivatives exhibiting the highest thermal stability (T onset values being at least 40 °C higher than those of the corresponding phenothiazine hydrochlorides).
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 15 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
GLPBIO products are for RESEARCH USE ONLY. Please make sure your review or question is research based.
Required fields are marked with *