Phleomycin (Synonyms: Zeocin) |
Catalog No.GC14081
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Phleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic and a DNA strand break (DNA-SB) inducer that can be used to select genetically-engineered cells.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 11006-33-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Phleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic and a DNA strand break (DNA-SB) inducer that can be used to select genetically-engineered cells[1]. Phleomycin is a molecule found in Streptomyces, and similar to bleomycin, can bind to and insert into DNA, disrupting the integrity of the double helix structure[2]. Phleomycin has a mutagenic effect on resistant Streptococcus strains[3].
In vitro, treatment of HeLa cells with Phleomycin (100-400μg/mL) for 0-24h inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, induced cytotoxicity, induced the initial release of cytochrome c, downregulation of Bcl-XL, ENDOG, DAXX, and MDM2, and upregulation of CASP and BID[4]. Treatment of Nannochloropsis oceanica cells with Phleomycin (0.2μg/mL) for 48h caused random double-strand breaks in the DNA of the algal cells and increased the transformation efficiency of the active hygromycin B resistance gene (aph7)[5]. Phleomycin (0-200ng/mL) treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from different mutants for 48h significantly reduced the survival rate of MEFs lacking XRCC4, DNA-Ligase IV or Xlf, but had no significant effect on MEFs from PAXX mutants and wild-type MEFs[6].
References:
[1] Ma X, Pan K, Zhang L, et al. Genetic transformation of Nannochloropsis oculata with a bacterial phleomycin resistance gene as dominant selective marker[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2016, 15: 351-356.
[2] Stokowa-Sołtys K, Dzyhovskyi V, Wieczorek R, et al. Phleomycin complex–Coordination mode and in vitro cleavage of DNA[J]. Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 2019, 195: 71-82.
[3] Van Peer A F, De Bekker C, Vinck A, et al. Phleomycin increases transformation efficiency and promotes single integrations in Schizophyllum commune[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 75(5): 1243-1247.
[4] Hwang J, Kim Y Y, Huh S, et al. The Time‐Dependent Serial Gene Response to Zeocin Treatment Involves Caspase‐Dependent Apoptosis in HeLa Cells[J]. Microbiology and immunology, 2005, 49(4): 331-342.
[5] Zhang Z, Guo L, Liu H, et al. Zeocin treatment significantly elevated transformation efficiency of Nannochloropsis oceanica[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2022, 34(3): 1587-1594.
[6] Abramowski V, Etienne O, Elsaid R, et al. PAXX and Xlf interplay revealed by impaired CNS development and immunodeficiency of double KO mice[J]. Cell Death & Differentiation, 2018, 25(2): 444-452.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
HeLa cells |
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Preparation Method |
Cells (6×104 per well) were allowed to attach in 24-well plates for 1 day before adding Phleomycin and cultures were measured at 0, 6 , 12, 18, 24h and 100, 200, 300, 400μg/mL of Phleomycin with a hemacytometer. The cytotoxic effects of Phleomycin on HeLa cells was determined by a viable cell count and MTT assay. |
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Reaction Conditions |
100, 200, 300, 400μg/mL; 0-24h |
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Applications |
Phleomycin inhibits HeLa cells proliferation and induces cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. |
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References: |
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| Cas No. | 11006-33-0 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | Zeocin | ||
| Chemical Name | (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-2-(2-(6-amino-2-(3-amino-1-((2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxamido)-3-((5-((1-((2-(4-((4-guanidinobutyl)carbamoyl)-4',5'-dihydro-[2,4'-bithiazol]-2'-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-hydroxy-1-o | ||
| Canonical SMILES | NC(CNC(CC(N)=O)C1=NC(N)=C(C(C(NC(C(NC(C(C(C)C(NC(C(NCCC2=NC(C3=NC(C(NCCCCNC(N)=N)=O)=CS3)CS2)=O)C(O)C)=O)O)C)=O)C(O[C@H]4[C@]([H])([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CO)O)O)O[C@H]5O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]5O)OC(N)=O)O)CO)C6=CNC=N6)=O)=N1)C)C(N)=O.[Cu+2].Cl | ||
| Formula | C55H85N20O21S2Cu • HCl | M.Wt | 1526.5 |
| Solubility | ≤10mg/ml in PBS, pH 7.2 | Storage | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 655.1 μL | 3.2755 mL | 6.5509 mL |
| 5 mM | 131 μL | 655.1 μL | 1.3102 mL |
| 10 mM | 65.5 μL | 327.5 μL | 655.1 μL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 9 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)