TMRE (Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate) (Synonyms: TMRE, TMR ethyl ester)

Cell experiment:

The entire experiment should be performed at room temperature because temperature will directly impact mitochondrial transmembrane potential and TMRE staining. Cells should never be placed, centrifuged, incubated, or washed at 4°C or have ice-cold buffers or media added. Treat the cells with a cytotoxic stimulus. Harvest cells and resuspend at 5×105 cells/mL in culture medium containing 150 nM TMRE. Incubate for 5 min at room temperature in the dark. Add Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) (5 μM final concentration) to an aliquot of untreated cells and incubate for 5 min at room temperature in the dark. Turn on the appropriate laser on the flow cytometer. Set up a histogram plot to detect TMRE using log scale[1].

References:

[1]. Crowley LC, et al. Measuring Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential by TMRE Staining. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2016 Dec 1;2016(12):pdb.prot087361.
[2]. Bantseev V, et al. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging of dynamic TMRE movement in the mitochondria of epithelial and superficial cortical fiber cells of bovine lenses. Mol Vis. 2005 Jul 14;11:518-23.