Zebularine |
Catalog No.GC12153
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Zebularine, a cytidine lacking the 4-amino group, is a DNMT inhibitor that inhibits DNA methylation.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 3690-10-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Zebularine, a cytidine lacking the 4-amino group, is a DNMT inhibitor that inhibits DNA methylation[1]. Zebularine can cause DNA demethylation and enhance cGAS-STING pathway activity, leading to accumulation of DNA fragments in the cytoplasm[2]. Zebularine has been widely used in cell models to inhibit tumor growth and alter cancer cell gene expression[3].
In vitro, Zebularine treatment for 24 hours significantly inhibited the viability of HCCLM3, MHCC97H, and MHCC97L cells with IC50 values of 56.75µM, 59.72µM, and 64.93µM, respectively[4]. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with 200µM Zebularine for 96 hours significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced S-phase arrest, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclins B and D[5]. Treatment of A549 cells with 100µM Zebularine for 72h induced apoptosis, accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease of Bcl-2, increase of Bax and p53, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8[6].
In vivo, Zebularine treatment via oral administration at a dose of 100mg/kg every four days for 20 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in the BGC823 cell xenograft mouse model[7]. Daily intraperitoneal injection of Zebularine (225mg/kg) for 7 days reduced the fibrotic lesion area and inflammatory response in the kidney in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)[8].
References:
[1] Champion C, Guianvarc'h D, Sénamaud-Beaufort C, et al. Mechanistic insights on the inhibition of c5 DNA methyltransferases by zebularine[J]. PloS one, 2010, 5(8): e12388.
[2] Lai J, Fu Y, Tian S, et al. Zebularine elevates STING expression and enhances cGAMP cancer immunotherapy in mice[J]. Molecular Therapy, 2021, 29(5): 1758-1771.
[3] Cheng J C, Yoo C B, Weisenberger D J, et al. Preferential response of cancer cells to zebularine[J]. Cancer cell, 2004, 6(2): 151-158.
[4] Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of zebularine on apoptotic pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines[J]. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 14(1): 63.
[5] Billam M, Sobolewski M D, Davidson N E. Effects of a novel DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine on human breast cancer cells[J]. Breast cancer research and treatment, 2010, 120(3): 581-592.
[6] You B R, Park W H. Zebularine inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[J]. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 2014, 53(11): 847-857.
[7] Tan W, Zhou W, Yu H, et al. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2013, 430(1): 250-255.
[8] Koh E S, Kim S, Son M, et al. The protective effect of zebularine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, on renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(22): 14045.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | HCCLM3 cells |
Preparation Method | HCCLM3 cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (0.1mg/ml streptomycin and 100U/ml penicillin) at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Subsequently, all HCCLM3 cells were seeded in 96-well plates (3×105 cells per well). After 1 day, the medium was removed, and medium containing different concentrations of Zebularine (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100μM) was added, while the control group was treated with 0.05% DMSO. After 24 hours of treatment with Zebularine, MTT solution (5mg/ml) was added to each well and incubated at 37°C for 4 hours. Subsequently, absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 570nm using a microplate reader. |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100μM; 24h |
Applications | Zebularine treatment inhibited the cell viability of HCCLM3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Female BALB/c nude mice |
Preparation Method | BGC823 cells were injected into the flank of BALB/c nude mice (female, 4-6 weeks of age) and maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Mice were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group (100mg/kg; p.o). Each group contained five nude mice (at least six tumors per group; 1-2 nude mice per group were randomly sacrificed and used to establish the time course of expression). When tumor volume reached 100-150mm3, nude mice were treated by gavage with Zebularine (dissolved in 0.45% saline) every 4 days for 20 days. The control group was given 0.45% normal saline by gavage every 4 days for 20 days. Tumor growth was monitored by measuring tumor volume (TV), which was calculated using the formula: TV (mm3) = width2(mm2)×length(mm)/2. |
Dosage form | 100mg/kg; every four days for 20 days; p.o. |
Applications | Zebularine treatment significantly reduced tumor xenograft growth in mice. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 3690-10-6 | SDF | |
| Chemical Name | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O | ||
| Formula | C9H12N2O5 | M.Wt | 228.2 |
| Solubility | DMF: 5 mg/ml,DMSO: 14 mg/ml,Ethanol: 0.25 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml | Storage | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.3821 mL | 21.9106 mL | 43.8212 mL |
| 5 mM | 876.4 μL | 4.3821 mL | 8.7642 mL |
| 10 mM | 438.2 μL | 2.1911 mL | 4.3821 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
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μL
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Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 30 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)