Camalexin |
Catalog No.GC18922
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Camalexin is an alkaloid phytoalexin derived from tryptophan in Arabidopsis thaliana with antimicrobial activity.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 135531-86-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Camalexin is an alkaloid phytoalexin derived from tryptophan in Arabidopsis thaliana with antimicrobial activity[1]. Camalexin is produced in Arabidopsis thaliana upon microbial infection or abiotic induction, acting as both a component of plant immune responses and a hallmark representative of the indole phytoalexin family[2]. Camalexin is commonly utilized in plant immunity research and the development of sustainable crop protection strategies against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects[3].
In vitro, Camalexin (25-200μM) treatment of human breast cancer T47D cells for 72h significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 133.8μM[4]. Camalexin treatment of various human cancer cell lines for 72h significantly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat (IC50=46.2μM), HeLa (IC50=50.0μM), MDA-MB-231 (IC50=77.7μM), and CEM (IC50=67.6μM) cells, while showing no significant toxicity against A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines even at 100μM concentration[5]. Camalexin (25μM) treatment of human prostate cancer C4-2 cells for 24h induced the translocation of cathepsin D (CD) from lysosomes to the cytoplasm, an effect that could be partially reversed by 10mM of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC)[6].
In vivo, Camalexin (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg; every three days) via intraperitoneal injection in BALB/c mice bearing NB4 or HL-60 tumor xenografts for 27 days dose-dependently inhibited tumor volume and weight growth, with no significant effect on mouse body weight[7]. Camalexin (100, 200mg/kg) administered orally to Benomyl-induced Parkinson’s disease mice for 14 days significantly improved motor coordination in the Rota-Rod test[8].
References:
[1] ZOOK M, HAMMERSCHMIDT R. Origin of the thiazole ring of camalexin, a phytoalexin from Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Plant physiology, 1997, 113(2): 463-468.
[2] NGUYEN N H, TROTEL-AZIZ P, CLÉMENT C, et al. Camalexin accumulation as a component of plant immunity during interactions with pathogens and beneficial microbes[J]. Planta, 2022, 255(6): 116.
[3] LOPA F R, SNIGDHA F N, LUMACTUD R A, et al. Harnessing Camalexin as a Sustainable and Ecofriendly Strategy to Control Harmful Phytopathogens[J]. Plant Pathology, 2025.
[4] YAMASHITA N, TAGA C, OZAWA M, et al. Camalexin, an indole phytoalexin, inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor[J]. Journal of natural medicines, 2022, 76(1): 110-118.
[5] PILATOVA M, IVANOVA L, KUTSCHY P, et al. In vitro toxicity of camalexin derivatives in human cancer and non-cancer cells[J]. Toxicology in Vitro, 2013, 27(2): 939-944.
[6] SMITH B, RANDLE D, MEZENCEV R, et al. Camalexin-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells involves alterations of expression and activity of lysosomal protease cathepsin D[J]. Molecules, 2014, 19(4): 3988-4005.
[7] YANG Y, WANG G, WU W, et al. Camalexin induces apoptosis via the ROS-ER stress-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in AML cells[J]. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2018, 2018(1): 7426950.
[8] MANASA K, TAMILANBAN T, SANDHANAM K, et al. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Camalexin in Benomyl-induced Parkinson’ s Disease in Mice: In vitro, In vivo and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Insights[J]. 2024.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | T47D cells (human breast cancer cell lines) |
Preparation Method | T47D cells were plated in 96-well plate (1 × 104 cells/well). The next day, the cells were treated with Camalexin (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200µM). After 72h, cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. |
Reaction Conditions | 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200μM; 72h |
Applications | Camalexin (25-200μM) treatment of T47D cells for 72h significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 133.8μM (the IC50 was determined by the concentration at which a 50% reduction in relative absorbance occurred in Camalexin). |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | 6-week-old male BALB/c mice implanted with NB-4 and HL-60 |
Preparation Method | BALB/c mice were ectopically implanted with NB-4 or HL-60 cells, and when the tumor size reached around 100mm3, mice were injected with Camalexin (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg; i.p.) every three days for 27 days.Tumors were measured using a caliper every 3 days, and two perpendicular diameters of each tumor were recorded. |
Dosage form | 2.5, 5, 10mg/kg; every three days; i.p. |
Applications | Administration of Camalexin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg; every three days; i.p.) for 27 days to BALB/c mice bearing NB4 or HL-60 tumor xenografts dose-dependently suppressed the increase in tumor volume and weight, without significantly affecting mouse body weight. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 135531-86-1 | SDF | |
| Chemical Name | 3-(2-thiazolyl)-1H-indole | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C1(C(C2=NC=CS2)=CN3)=C3C=CC=C1 | ||
| Formula | C11H8N2S | M.Wt | 200.3 |
| Solubility | DMF: 14 mg/ml,DMSO: 33 mg/ml,DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:40): 0.02 mg/ml,Ethanol: 10 mg/ml | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.9925 mL | 24.9626 mL | 49.9251 mL |
| 5 mM | 998.5 μL | 4.9925 mL | 9.985 mL |
| 10 mM | 499.3 μL | 2.4963 mL | 4.9925 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 10 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)