GIP (human) |
Catalog No.GC17838
One-Click Copy Product Info
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GIP (human) is a 42-amino acid incretin secreted by K cells of the duodenum and jejunum.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 100040-31-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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GIP (human) is a 42-amino acid incretin secreted by K cells of the duodenum and jejunum. GIP (human) can bind to GIPR to activate the AC-cAMP-PKA pathway, promoting insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, while regulating lipid metabolism, bone formation, and inflammatory responses. GIP (human) can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome[1-4].
In vitro, mature adipocytes differentiated from human subcutaneous preadipocytes were treated with GIP (0.1-10nM) for 1-24h, which induced IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra mRNA expression[5]. Human subcutaneous preadipocyte-derived mature adipocytes treated with GIP (1nM) for 1-6h showed upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-I (CGRP-I) mRNA expression and increased CGRP-I protein secretion[6]. HEK293T cells transfected with human GIP receptor were treated with GIP (0.01-1000nM) for 0-12h, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP levels[7].
In vivo, male NIH Swiss mice aged 12-14 weeks received a single intraperitoneal co-injection of glucose and GIP (50nmol/kg), GIP significantly reduced individual blood glucose values and blood glucose AUC[8].
References:
[1] Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology. 2007 May;132(6):2131-57.
[2] Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Schmidt WE, et al. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: the neglected incretin revisited. Regul Pept. 2002 Jul 15;107(1-3):1-13.
[3] Miyachi A, Murase T, Yamada Y, et al. Quantitative analytical method for determining the levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptides GIP1-42 and GIP3-42 in human plasma using LC-MS/MS/MS. J Proteome Res. 2013 Jun 7;12(6):2690-9.
[4] Gabe MBN, van der Velden WJC, Smit FX, et al. Molecular interactions of full-length and truncated GIP peptides with the GIP receptor - A comprehensive review. Peptides. 2020 Mar;125:170224.
[5] Timper K, Grisouard J, Sauter NS, et al. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide induces cytokine expression, lipolysis and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;304:E1-E13.
[6] Timper K, Grisouard J, Radimerski T, et al. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP) induces calcitonin gene-related peptide-I and procalcitonin production in human adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):E297-E303.
[7] Chang CL, Cai JJ, Lo C, et al. Adaptive selection of an incretin gene in Eurasian populations. Genome Res. 2011 Jan;21(1):21-32.
[8] Perry RA, Craig SL, Ng MT, et al. Characterisation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonists in rodent pancreatic beta cells and mice. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;12:1-9.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
HEK293T cells (human embryonic kidney cells) expressing recombinant human GIP receptor |
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Preparation Method |
HEK293T cells were transfected with human GIP receptor expression vector using Lipofectamine 2000 and treated with GIP at concentrations from 0.1nM to 1000nM for cAMP measurement. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0.1-1000nM; 0-12h |
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Applications |
GIP dose-dependently increased cAMP production in transfected HEK293T cells. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Male NIH Swiss mice (12-14weeks of age) |
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Preparation Method |
After 4h fasting, mice received intraperitoneal injection of glucose (18mmol/kg) alone, or glucose combined with GIP (50nmol/kg). Blood glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 60min post injection, and plasma insulin was measured in selected groups. |
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Dosage form |
50nmol/kg; i.p.; single injection |
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Applications |
GIP with glucose significantly reduced individual and 0-60min overall AUC blood glucose values in mice. |
References: [1] Chang CL, Cai JJ, Lo C, et al. Adaptive selection of an incretin gene in Eurasian populations. Genome Res. 2011 Jan;21(1):21-32. [2] Perry RA, Craig SL, Ng MT, et al. Characterisation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonists in rodent pancreatic beta cells and mice. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;12:1-9. | |
| Cas No. | 100040-31-1 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | CC[C@]([C@@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/C/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](N)([H])CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)([H])C)([H])CCC(O)=O)([H])[C@@](O)([H])C)([H])CC2=CC=CC=C2)([H])[C@@](CC)([H])C) | ||
| Formula | C226H338N60O66S | M.Wt | 4983.58 |
| Solubility | 20 mg/mL in Water | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 200.7 μL | 1.0033 mL | 2.0066 mL |
| 5 mM | 40.1 μL | 200.7 μL | 401.3 μL |
| 10 mM | 20.1 μL | 100.3 μL | 200.7 μL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 18 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)