Proteases
Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Targets for Proteases
- Caspase(114)
- Aminopeptidase(24)
- ACE(74)
- Calpains(20)
- Carboxypeptidase(10)
- Cathepsin(81)
- DPP-4(31)
- Elastase(26)
- Gamma Secretase(67)
- HCV Protease(59)
- HSP(113)
- HIV Integrase(37)
- HIV Protease(47)
- MMP(228)
- NS3/4a protease(8)
- Serine Protease(18)
- Thrombin(58)
- Urokinase(4)
- Cysteine Protease(0)
- Other Proteases(18)
- Tyrosinases(47)
- 15-PGDH(1)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(13)
- Acyltransferase(59)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)(28)
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase(9)
- ATGL(1)
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase(56)
- Drug Metabolite(457)
- E1/E2/E3 Enzyme(90)
- Endogenous Metabolite(1636)
- FABP(30)
- Farnesyl Transferase(23)
- Glutaminase(14)
- Glutathione Peroxidase(14)
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)(28)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase(17)
- Lipoxygenase(234)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism(207)
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(7)
- Neprilysin(12)
- PAI-1(13)
- Ser/Thr Protease(41)
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(13)
- Xanthine Oxidase(18)
- MALT1(10)
- PCSK9(1)
Products for Proteases
- Cat.No. Nombre del producto Información
- GC49118 10-hydroxy Warfarin A metabolite of (R)-warfarin
- GC33800 10Z-Nonadecenoic acid El Ácido 10Z-nonadecenoico es un tipo de Ácido graso de cadena larga con actividad antitumoral.
- GC40368 11(R)-HEPE 11(R)-HEPE is produced by the oxidation of EPA by 11(R)-LO.
- GC40445 11(R)-HETE 11(R)-HETE is biosynthesized by 11(R)-LOs of the sea urchin, S.
- GC39223 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione La 11-beta-hidroxiandrostenediona (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-diona) es un esteroide que se encuentra principalmente en el origen suprarrenal (la 11β-hidroxilasa estÁ presente en el tejido suprarrenal, pero no en el tejido ovÁrico).
- GC40730 11-cis Vaccenyl Acetate El acetato de vaccenilo 11-cis es un lípido específico de macho que media el comportamiento de agregación en moscas macho y hembra, lo que activa unas pocas docenas de neuronas olfativas ubicadas en la sensila T1 en la antena de moscas macho y hembra.
-
GC40394
11-deoxy Corticosterone
El 11-deoxi corticosterona es una hormona esteroidea producida por la glándula suprarrenal que posee actividad mineralocorticoide y actúa como precursor de la aldosterona.
- GC10821 11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid El Ácido 11-Keto-beta-boswélico (11-Keto-β-Ácido boswélico) es un Ácido triterpénico pentacÍclico de la resina de oleogoma de la corteza del Árbol serrado de Boswellia, conocido popularmente como Incienso de la India. El Ácido 11-ceto-beta-boswélico tiene actividad antiinflamatoria que se debe principalmente a la inhibiciÓn de la 5-lipoxigenasa (5-LOX) y la posterior activaciÓn de los leucotrienos y el factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) y la generaciÓn del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa producciÓn.
- GC61538 11-Oxo etiocholanolone La etiocolanolona 11-oxo (11-cetoetiocolanolona) es un metabolito de la etiocolanolona.
- GC41144 11-trans Leukotriene C4 11-trans Leukotriene C4 (11-trans LTC4) is a C-11 double bond isomer of LTC4.
- GC41147 11-trans Leukotriene D4 11-trans Leukotriene D4 (11-trans LTD4) is a C-11 double bond isomer of LTD4.
- GC41149 11-trans Leukotriene E4 El 11-trans leucotrieno E4 es un isÓmero del leucotrieno E4 (LTE4).
- GC63796 116-9e 116-9e (MAL2-11B) es un inhibidor DNAJA1 de la cochaperona Hsp70.
- GC34016 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone (11β-Hydroxyprogesterone) 11beta-hidroxiprogesterona (11β-hidroxiprogesterona) es un potente inhibidor de 11β-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa; también activa el receptor mineralocorticoide humano en células COS-7 con una ED50 de 10 nM.
- GC40447 12(R)-HETE Biosynthesis of 12(R)-HETE in invertebrates is via lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid.
- GC40371 12(S)-HEPE 12(S)-HEPE is a monohydroxy fatty acid synthesized from EPA by the action of 12-LO.
-
GC40448
12(S)-HETE
12(S)-HETE is the predominant lipoxygenase product of mammalian platelets.
- GC41882 12(S)-HETrE 12(S)-HETrE is produced by 12-lipoxygenase oxidation of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA).
-
GC41095
12(S)-HpEPE
12(S)-HpEPE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced by the action of 12-lipoxygenase on eicosapentaenoic acid.
- GC41122 12(S)-HpETE 12(S)-HpETE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) produced by the action of platelet or leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) on arachidonic acid.
- GC41123 12-epi Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) compounds are produced by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes.
- GC45962 12-hydroxy Lauric Acid El Ácido 12-hidroxilÁurico es un metabolito endÓgeno.
- GC60443 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid El Ácido 12-cetodesoxicÓlico es un Ácido biliar, metabolito del riÑÓn.
- GC41096 12-oxo Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-LO pathway.
- GC46418 12-oxo-13-HOME An oxylipin
- GC40372 12-OxoETE 12-OxoETE is synthesized by human platelets and Aplysia nervous tissue after incubation with arachidonic acid.
- GC19462 13(R)-HODE 13(R)-HODE is the opposite enantiomer of the 13(S)-HODE produced when linoleic acid is incubated with soybean lipoxygenase.
- GC19463 13(S)-HODE 13(S)-HODE (13(S)-HODE), el producto del metabolismo de la 15-lipoxigenasa (15-LOX) del Ácido linoleico, funciona como ligando endÓgeno para activar PPARγ.
- GC41220 13(S)-HODE methyl ester 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE) is a 15-lipoxygenase metabolite of linoleic acid produced in endothelial cells, leukocytes, and tumor cells.
- GC41896 13(S)-HODE-biotin 13(S)-HODE is the lipoxygenase metabolite of linoleic acid.
- GC46420 13(S)-HODE-d4 An internal standard for the quantification of 13-HODE
- GC41897 13(S)-HOTrE 13(S)-HOTrE is the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) product of linolenic acid.
- GC41898 13(S)-HOTrE(γ) 13(S)-HOTrE(γ) is the 15-LO product of γ-linolenic acid.
- GC19474 13(S)-HpODE 13(S)-HpODE is produced by the oxidation of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase-1 (LO-1) in many plants including soybean, flaxseed, apples, and tea leaves,1,2 and by 15-LO in mammals.
-
GC41899
13(S)-HpOTrE
13(S)-HpOTrE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced in soybeans by the action of soybean LO-2 on esterified α-linolenic acid.
- GC41900 13(S)-HpOTrE(γ) 13(S)-HpOTrE(γ) is a monohydroxy PUFA produced by the action of soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LO-1) on γ-linolenic acid.
- GC62758 13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate El palmitato de 13-cis-vitamina A (palmitato de 13-cis-retinilo) es un isÓmero 13-cis formado por el palmitato de vitamina A en los copos de maÍz.
- GC41911 13-epi-12-oxo Phytodienoic Acid 13-epi-12-oxo Phytodienoic acid (13-epi-12-oxo PDA) is a lipoxygenase metabolite of α-linolenic acid in the leaves of green plants such as corn.
- GC49759 13C17-Mycophenolic Acid An internal standard for the quantification of mycophenolic acid
- GC41206 14(S)-HDHA 14(S)-HDHA (14(S)-HDoHE) es un producto de oxigenaciÓn del Ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA).
- GC41100 14,15-dehydro Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.
- GC41145 14,15-Leukotriene C4 Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in leukocytes.
- GC41148 14,15-Leukotriene D4 14,15-Leukotriene D4 (14,15-LTD4) is a member of an alternate class of LTs synthesized by a pathway involving the dual actions of 15- and 12-lipoxygenases (15- and 12-LOs) on arachidonic acid via 15-HpETE and 14,15-LTA4 intermediates.
- GC41150 14,15-Leukotriene E4 Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in leukocytes.
-
GC41415
15(R)-Lipoxin A4
Lipid-derived lipoxins are produced at the site of vascular and mucosal inflammation where they down-regulate polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment and function.
- GC40427 15(S)-HEDE 15(S)-HEDE is produced from 11Z,14Z-eicosadienoic acid by 15-LO.
- GC40373 15(S)-HEPE 15(S)-HEPE is a monohydroxy fatty acid synthesized from EPA by the action of 15-LO.
- GC40451 15(S)-HETE 15(S)-HETE is a major arachidonic acid metabolite from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway.
- GC41925 15(S)-HETE Ethanolamide Arachidonoyl ethanolamide was the first endogenous cannabinoid (CB) to be isolated and characterized as an agonist acting on the same receptors (CB1 and CB2) as THC.
- GC40839 15(S)-HETE methyl ester 15(S)-HETE methyl ester is a synthetic derivative of 15(S)-HETE, a major arachidonic acid metabolite from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway.
- GC46442 15(S)-HETE-d8 An internal standard for the quantification of 15-HETE
- GC49894 15(S)-HETE-d8 ethyl ester An internal standard for the quantification of 15(S)-HETE ethyl ester
- GC41927 15(S)-HETrE 15(S)-HETrE is the hydroxy-trienoic acid resulting from 15-lipoxygenation of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.
-
GC41403
15(S)-HpEDE
15(S)-HpEDE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced by the action of 15-lipoxygenase on eicosadienoic acid.
-
GC41101
15(S)-HpEPE
15(S)-HpEPE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced by the action of 15-lipoxygenase on eicosapentaenoic acid.
-
GC41124
15(S)-HpETE
15(S)-HpETE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) produced by the action of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) on arachidonic acid.
- GC11988 15-acetoxy Scirpenol El 15-acetoxiscirpenol, una de las micotoxinas de la fracción acetoxiscirpenol (ASM), induce fuertemente la apoptosis e inhibe el crecimiento de las células T Jurkat de manera dependiente de la dosis mediante la activación de otras caspasas independientes de la caspasa-3.
- GC19442 15-Acetyldeoxy Nivalenol El 15-acetildeoxi nivalenol es un tricoteceno altamente tóxico que se encuentra en los cereales y un metabolito del deoxinivalenol que presenta toxicidad para las células HepG2.
- GC41937 15-keto-17-phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α ethyl amide Bimatoprost is the Allergan trade name for 17-phenyl trinor prostaglandin F2α ethyl amide (17-phenyl trinor PGF2α ethyl amide), an F-series PG analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug.
- GC41938 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor 1 El inhibidor 1 de la 15-lipoxigenasa es un inhibidor selectivo de la 15-lipoxigenasa, con una IC50 de 18 μM. El inhibidor de 15-lipoxigenasa 1 tiene IC50 de 19,5 μM y 19,1 μM para la 15-lipoxigenasa de soja (SLO) y la 15-lipoxigenasa-1 humana (15-LOX-1), respectivamente. El inhibidor de 15-lipoxigenasa 1 tiene potencial para la investigaciÓn del cÁncer de prÓstata.
- GC41940 15-OxoEDE 15-OxoEDE is produced by the oxidation of 15-HEDE.
- GC40376 15-OxoETE 15-OxoETE is produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE.
- GC41309 16α-hydroxy Prednisolone 16α-hidroxi prednisolona es un metabolito estereoselectivo del epÍmero 22(R) del glucocorticoide budesonida a través de las enzimas citocromo P450 3A (CYP3A).
- GC35058 16-Dehydroprogesterone La 16-dehidroprogesterona es una progestina esteroidea.
- GC46451 16F16 A PDI inhibitor
- GC45909 17α-hydroxy Pregnenolone 1&7#945;-hidroxi pregnenolona es un esteroide pregnano.
- GC41300 17β-hydroxy Exemestane 17β-hydroxy Exemestane is the primary active metabolite of exemestane.
-
GC41951
17(R)-Resolvin D1
Resolvins are a family of potent lipid mediators derived from both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
- GC41227 17(R)-Resolvin D1 methyl ester 17(R)-Resolvin D1 (17(R)-RvD1) is an aspirin-triggered epimer of RvD1 that reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, with equipotency to RvD1 (EC50 = ~30 nM).
- GC41952 17(R)-Resolvin D4 17(R)-Resolvin D4 (17(R)-RvD4) is an aspirin-triggered epimer of RvD4 .
- GC41208 17(S)-HDHA 17(S)-HDHA is a primary mono-oxygenation product of docosahexaenoic acid in human whole blood, human leukocytes, and mouse brain.
- GC49356 17(S)-HDoTE A metabolite of adrenic acid
- GC40975 17(S)-HpDHA 17(S)-HpDHA is a mono-oxygenation product of docosahexaenoic acid in human whole blood, human leukocytes, human glial cells, and mouse brain.
- GC11720 17-AAG (KOS953) An inhibitor of Hsp90
- GC17210 17-AAG Hydrochloride Hsp90 inhibitor,geldanamycin analogue
- GC41955 17-DMAG 17-DMAG (17-DMAG) es un potente inhibidor de Hsp90, que se une a Hsp90 con un EC50 de 62 ± 29 nm.
- GC13044 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl 17-DMAG (Alvespimicina) HCl (clorhidrato de 17-DMAG; KOS-1022; BMS 826476) es un potente inhibidor de Hsp90, que se une a Hsp90 con EC50 de 62± 29 nM.
- GC41529 17-oxo-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosahexaenoic Acid 17-oxo-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid is a metabolite of lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation of DHA that is produced endogenously by aspirin-enhanced COX-2 activity.
- GC41209 17-oxo-7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosapentaenoic Acid Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a ω-3 fatty acid found in fish oils.
- GC68426 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone-d3
- GC35061 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid 18α-El ácido glicirretínico, un compuesto derivado de la dieta, es un inhibidor de NF-kB y un activador del proteasoma, que sirve como factor de prolongevidad y antiagregación en un organismo multicelular.
- GC41980 18-carboxy dinor Leukotriene B4 18-carboxy dinor Leukotriene B4 (18-carboxy dinor LTB4) is a β-oxidation metabolite of LTB4.
- GC33818 18-Hydroxycorticosterone La 18-hidroxicorticosterona es un corticosteroide y un derivado de la corticosterona, que puede provocar desequilibrios electrolÍticos graves.
- GC63603 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
- GC39296 1G244 1G244 es un potente inhibidor de DPP8/9 con IC50 de 12 nM y 84 nM, respectivamente. 1G244 no inhibe DPPIV y DPPII. 1G244 induce la apoptosis en células de mieloma mÚltiple y tiene efectos antimieloma.
- GC38359 1H-pyrazole El 1H-pirazol es un metabolito endÓgeno.
- GC49823 2′-C-β-Methylguanosine An active nucleoside metabolite of BMS-986094
- GC64738 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium &2#8242;-desoxiadenosina 5′-monofosfato disódico, un ácido nucleico derivado de AMP, es un desoxirribonucleótido que se encuentra en el ADN.
- GC62772 2’-Deoxyadenosine-5’-triphosphate trisodium &2rsquo;-Desoxiadenosina-5’-trifosfato trisódico (dATP trisódico) es un nucleótido utilizado en las células para la síntesis (o replicación) del ADN, como sustrato de la ADN polimerasa.
- GC62774 2’-Deoxyguanosine 5’-monophosphate disodium &2rsquo;-Desoxiguanosina 5’-monofosfato disódico (5′-dGMP disódico) es un mononucleótido que tiene guanina como nucleobase.
- GC46508 2',2'-Difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine An active metabolite of gemcitabine
- GC33622 2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone La 2',4'-dihidroxiacetofenona (resacetofenona) es acetofenona que lleva sustituyentes hidroxi en las posiciones 2' y 4'.
- GC60462 2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone
- GC33605 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate El monohidrato de 2'-desoxiadenosina es un desoxirribonucleÓsido.
- GC38258 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate La 2′-desoxiadenosina 5′-monofosfato, un derivado de AMP de Ácido nucleico, es un desoxirribonucleÓtido que se encuentra en el ADN.
- GC42150 2'-Deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate (sodium salt hydrate) 2'-Desoxicitidina-5'-difosfato (dCDP) trisÓdico es un metabolito endÓgeno.
- GC17436 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid El Ácido 2'-desoxicitidina-5'-monofosfÓrico es un metabolito endÓgeno.
- GC48440 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (sodium salt) 2'-Desoxicitidina-5'-trifosfato (sal de sodio) (sal trisÓdica de dCTP) es un nucleÓsido trifosfato que se puede utilizar para la sÍntesis de ADN.
- GC10897 2'-Deoxyguanosine La 2'-desoxiguanosina (desoxiguanosina) estÁ compuesta por el nucleÓsido de purina guanina unido por su nitrÓgeno N9 al carbono C1 de la desoxirribosa.
- GC38191 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate El monohidrato de 2'-desoxiguanosina es un metabolito endÓgeno.