Pain Research

LY2183240 is a potent, competitive small molecule inhibitor of anandamide uptake (IC50 = 270 pM; Ki = 540 pM) and hydrolysis.

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers.

Docosahexaenoic acid is the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the brain and retina.

N-desmethyl Zolmitriptan (DZT) is an active metabolite of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D agonist zolmitriptan.

α-Phellandrene is a cyclic monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including Cannabis, and has diverse biological activities.

URB754 is a potent and noncompetitive inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), exhibiting an IC50 value of 200 nM for the recombinant rat brain enzyme.

(±)-WIN 55,212-2 is a potent aminoalkylindole cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist with a Ki value of 62.3 and 3.3 nM for human recombinant central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptors, respectively.

(Ala1)-PAR4 (1-6) amide (mouse) is a peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) that induces aggregation of rat and human platelets in vitro (EC50s = 15 and 60 μM, respectively).

An acetaminophen-protein adduct

4-hydroxy (S)-Duloxetine β-D-glucuronide is an inactive metabolite of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (S)-duloxetine.

5-hydroxy-6-methoxy (S)-Duloxetine is a metabolite of (S)-duloxetine.

6-hydroxy Chlorzoxazone is the primary metabolite of Chlorzoxazone in vivo. 6-hydroxy Chlorzoxazone is mainly formed through the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system and is commonly used as a probe in biochemical research to quantitatively evaluate CYP2E1 activity.

Acetaminophen glucuronide is an inactive metabolite of the analgesic and antipyretic agent acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen sulfate is a metabolite of acetaminophen.

Acetyl β-endorphin is an acetylated derivative of β-endorphin that binds to opioid receptors in rat caudal dorsomedial medulla (Ki = 490 nM) and mouse brain membrane preparations (IC50 = 109 nM).

Angiotensin II (3-8) is an endogenous C-terminal fragment of the peptide vasoconstrictor angiotensin II.

AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and nociceptin receptor partial agonist (Kis = 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively).

The group IVA phospholipase A2 (PLA2), known as calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), selectively releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, playing a central role in initiating the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Biocytin-β-endorphin is a form of β-endorphin that is conjugated to biocytin.

Bupivacaine is a sodium channel blocker and local anesthetic.

Capsaicin is the primary active component of the heat and pain-eliciting lipid soluble fraction of the Capsicum pepper.

Most local anesthetics act by abolishing voltage gated sodium channel currents indiscriminately in all populations of neurons.

CCR4 antagonist is an antagonist of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) that inhibits human CCL22-derived [35S]GTPγS and [125I]CCL22 binding in vitro (IC50s = 19 and 70 nM, respectively).

CTAP is a water soluble, cyclic octapeptide which acts as a receptor antagonist that is selective for the μ opioid receptor (IC50 = 3.5 nM) over the δ receptor (IC50 = 4,500 nM).