Name: Gap19
Brand: GlpBio
SKU: GC17681
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (22 reviews)

GlpBio Products Cited In Reputable Papers

Nature
610.7931 (2022): 366-372

Nature
618, 1017–1023 (2023)

Cell
183.7 (2020): 1867-1883

Cell Research
31, 1291–1307 (2021)

Cell Research
33, 273–287 (2023)

Cell Research
33, 546–561 (2023)

Molecular Cancer
21.1 (2022): 1-17

Molecular Cancer
21.1 (2022): 1-18

Cancer Cell
39 (2021): 1-16

Cell Host Microbe
30.8 (2022): 1124-1138

Cell Host Microbe
31.5 (2023): 766-780

Cell Host Microbe
31.3 (2023): 418-43

Cell Metabolism
34.2 (2022): 240-255

Ann Rheum Dis
82(4): 533-545 (2023)

Cell Mol Immunol
20, 264–276 (2023)

Adv Funct Mater
33.35 (2023): 2214998

Product Documents

Quality Control & SDS

View current batch:

Purity: >98.00%

Protocol

Cell experiment [1]:
Cell lines	Astrocyte cell
Preparation Method	Concentration-dependent inhibition by Gap19 (30 min pre-incubation) of ATP release in cultured cortical astrocytes triggered by glutamate.
Reaction Conditions	0-104uM Gap19 for 30 min
Applications	Gap19 (30 min treatment) inhibited glutamate-triggered ATP release (Figure 2A).Etd+ uptake was inhibited in the presence of Gap19 in a dose-dependent manner, with the peptide applied prior to (30 min) and during Etd+ uptake.Gap19 was without any effect on gap junctional communication in astrocytes which in culture express only Cx43.
Animal experiment [2]:
Animal models	Male ICR mice (25-30 g)
Preparation Method	Animals were randomly divided into different groups as follows: (I) vehicle group (sham); (II) Gap19 treated vehicle group (Gap19 group); (III) I/R group; (IV) Gap26 treated I/R group (I/R + Gap26 group); (V) Gap19 treated I/R group (I/R + Gap19 group).10 µg Gap19/Gap26 in 10 µl ddH2O was injected in lateral ventricle (300 µg/kg body weight, i.c.v.). TAT-Gap19 was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (i.p.) in the post-treatment groups.
Dosage form	10 µg Gap19
Applications	When investigated the role of Gap19 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ventricle-injected Gap19 significantly alleviated infarct volume, neuronal cell damage and neurological deficits after ischemia, the neuroprotective effect of Gap19 was significant stronger than Gap26. Post-treatment with TAT-Gap19 still provided neuroprotection when it was administered intraperitoneally at 4 h after reperfusion.
References: [1]. Abudara V, Bechberger J, et,al. The connexin43 mimetic peptide Gap19 inhibits hemichannels without altering gap junctional communication in astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Oct 21;8:306. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00306. PMID: 25374505; PMCID: PMC4204617. [2].Chen B, Yang L, et,al. Inhibition of Connexin43 hemichannels with Gap19 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull. 2019 Mar;146:124-135. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.009. Epub 2018 Dec 26. PMID: 30593877.

Gap19 (KQIEIKKFK) blocks HCs but not GJCs and is specific for Cx43. Gap19 may resist myocardial ischemic injury^[2]. Gap19 has a bimodal effect on Cx43 HC gating, decreasing gating to the fully open state while increasing substate gating, suggesting that Gap19 acts like a gating modifier on Cx43 HC.Gap19 disrupts the CT-CL interaction, thus making hc difficult to open^[7].

Gap19, as a nonapeptide derived from the cytoplasmic loop of Cx43, inhibits astroglial Cx43 hemichannels in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting gap junction channels. This peptide, which not only selectively inhibits hemichannels but is also specific for Cx43^[5].

When investigated the role of Gap19 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ventricle-injected Gap19 significantly alleviated infarct volume, neuronal cell damage and neurological deficits after ischemia, the neuroprotective effect of Gap19 was significant stronger than Gap26. Post-treatment with TAT-Gap19 still provided neuroprotection when it was administered intraperitoneally at 4 h after reperfusion^[1]. Gap19 exerted a neuroprotective effect after stroke via inhibition of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway^[4]. Treatment with Gap19 prevented metabolic inhibition-enhanced hemichannel openings, protected cardiomyocytes against volume overload and cell death following ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and modestly decreased the infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in mice in vivo^[3]. Intra-TG injection of the mimetic peptide GAP19, which inhibits Cx43 hemichannel formation, greatly reduced TMJ-evoked MMemg activity in all CFA-inflamed groups, while activity in sham groups was not affected^[6].

References:
[1]. Chen B, Yang L, et,al. Inhibition of Connexin43 hemichannels with Gap19 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull. 2019 Mar;146:124-135. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.009. Epub 2018 Dec 26. PMID: 30593877.
[2]. Wang JP, Yang ZT, et,al. L-carnosine inhibits neuronal cell apoptosis through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway after acute focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2013 Apr 24;1507:125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.032. Epub 2013 Feb 27. PMID: 23454231.
[3]. Wang N, De Vuyst E, et,al. Selective inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels by Gap19 and its impact on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol. 2013 Jan;108(1):309. doi: 10.1007/s00395-012-0309-x. Epub 2012 Nov 8. PMID: 23184389; PMCID: PMC3666173.
[4]. Chen Y, Wang L, et,al. Inhibition of Connexin 43 Hemichannels Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 Oct 17;12:372. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00372. PMID: 30386214; PMCID: PMC6199357.
[5]. Abudara V, Bechberger J, et,al. The connexin43 mimetic peptide Gap19 inhibits hemichannels without altering gap junctional communication in astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Oct 21;8:306. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00306. PMID: 25374505; PMCID: PMC4204617.
[6]. Ahmed F, Rahman M, et,al. Role of Connexin 43 in an Inflammatory Model for TMJ Hyperalgesia. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2021 Aug 3;2:715871. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2021.715871. PMID: 35295418; PMCID: PMC8915650.
[7]. Lissoni A, Wang N, et,al. Gap19, a Cx43 Hemichannel Inhibitor, Acts as a Gating Modifier That Decreases Main State Opening While Increasing Substate Gating. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 5;21(19):7340. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197340. PMID: 33027889; PMCID: PMC7583728.

Cas No.	1507930-57-5	SDF
Canonical SMILES	CC[C@]([C@@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](/N=C(O)/[C@](N)([H])CCCCN)([H])CCC(O)=N)([H])[C@@](CC)([H])C)([H])CCC(O)=O)([H])/C(O)=N/[C@@](/C(O)=N/[C@@](/C(O)=N/[C@@](/C(O)=N/[C@@](C(O)=O)([H])CCCCN)([H])CC1=CC=CC=C1)([H])CCCCN)([H])CCCCN)([H])C
Formula	C₅₅H₉₆N₁₄O₁₃	M.Wt	1161.45
Solubility	≥ 58.0725mg/mL in Water	Storage	Store at -20°C
General tips	Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time.
Shipping Condition	Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Prepare stock solution
		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.861 mL	4.305 mL	8.6099 mL
	5 mM	0.1722 mL	0.861 mL	1.722 mL
	10 mM	0.0861 mL	0.4305 mL	0.861 mL

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