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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> Ubiquitination/ Proteasome >> Mitophagy

Mitophagy

Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy.

Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called mitophagy, is thus critical for maintaining proper cellular functions. Indeed, mitophagy has been recently proposed to play critical roles in terminal differentiation of red blood cells, paternal mitochondrial degradation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia or drug-induced tissue injury.

Autophagy and mitophagy are important cellular processes that are responsible for breaking down cellular contents, preserving energy and safeguarding against accumulation of damaged and aggregated biomolecules.

Targets for  Mitophagy

Products for  Mitophagy

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC11720 17-AAG (KOS953)

    BMS 722782, CP 127374, KOS 953, NSC 330507, Tanespimycin

     17-AAG(Geldanamycin), a natural benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic, is the first established inhibitor of Hsp90. 17-AAG (KOS953) Chemical Structure
  3. GC10710 3-Methyladenine

    3-MA

    3-Methyladenine is a classic autophagy inhibitor.

     3-Methyladenine Chemical Structure
  4. GC45356 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (hydrochloride)   5-Aminolevulinic Acid (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  5. GC16267 6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide

    6-hydroxy Dopamine, Oxidopamine, 2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenethylamine

     6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA) is a structural analogue of catecholamines, dopamine and noradrenaline, and exerts its toxic effects on catecholaminergic neurons. 6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide Chemical Structure
  6. GC17234 ABT-737

    ABT 737, ABT737

     An inhibitor of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins ABT-737 Chemical Structure
  7. GC10518 AICAR

    Acadesine, AICA-Riboside, NSC 105823

     AICAR (also called acadesine) is a purine nucleoside. AICAR Chemical Structure
  8. GC10580 AICAR phosphate AMPK activator AICAR phosphate Chemical Structure
  9. GC15706 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

    Acetylsalicylic Acid, NSC 27223, NSC 406186

     A non-selective, irreversible COX inhibitor Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) Chemical Structure
  10. GC71423 ATTECs Degrader 1 ATTECs Degrader 1 (Compound MT1) is an ATTECs compound. ATTECs Degrader 1 Chemical Structure
  11. GC62135 BC1618 BC1618, an orally active Fbxo48 inhibitory compound, stimulates Ampk-dependent signaling (via preventing activated pAmpkα from Fbxo48-mediated degradation). BC1618 Chemical Structure
  12. GC10480 Betulinic acid

    Lupatic Acid, NSC 113090

     Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound and an inhibitor of eukaryotic topoisomerase I with an IC50 value of 5 μM. Betulinic acid Chemical Structure
  13. GC17683 Brefeldin A

    Ascotoxin, BFA, Cyanein, Decumbin, Nectrolide, NSC 56310, NSC 89671, NSC 107456, NSC 244390, Synergisidin

     Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal macrocyclic lactone and a potent, reversible inhibitor of intracellular vesicle formation and protein trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. Brefeldin A Chemical Structure
  14. GC17340 Carbamazepine Inhibitor of neuronal voltage-gated Na+ channels Carbamazepine Chemical Structure
  15. GC15083 Celastrol Celastrol is a proteasome inhibitor with a potent and preferred inhibition of purified 20S proteasome with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol Chemical Structure
  16. GC32078 Clioquinol (Iodochlorhydroxyquin)

    Iodochlorohydroxyquin, NSC 3531, NSC 74938

     Clioquinol (Iodochlorhydroxyquin) (Iodochlorhydroxyquin) is a topical antifungal agent with anticancer activity. Clioquinol (Iodochlorhydroxyquin) Chemical Structure
  17. GC30360 Cresol (Cresol mixture of isomers) Cresol (Cresol mixture of isomers) Chemical Structure
  18. GC14787 Curcumin

    Indian Saffron, Turmeric yellow

     A yellow pigment with diverse biological activities Curcumin Chemical Structure
  19. GC40226 Curcumin-d6 Curcumin-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of curcumin by GC- or LC-MS. Curcumin-d6 Chemical Structure
  20. GC13554 Deferoxamine mesylate

    Ba 33112, DFO, DFOM, DFX, NSC 644468

    Deferoxamine mesylate is a drug that chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents the iron from entering into further chemical reactions, and is used for the treatment of chronic iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias.

     Deferoxamine mesylate Chemical Structure
  21. GC40775 Dexamethasone

    MK-125, NSC 34521

    Dexamethasone, as one member of the glucocorticoid family, can protect against arthritis-related changes in cartilage structure and function, including matrix loss, inflammation and cartilage viability.

     Dexamethasone Chemical Structure
  22. GC11237 Dexamethasone acetate

    NSC 39471

    IL Receptor modulator

     Dexamethasone acetate Chemical Structure
  23. GC71260 Dox-btn2 Dox-btn2 is a biotinylated derivative of Doxorubicin , with a biotin label at the point of conjugation to doxorubicin at 3'-NH2. Dox-btn2 Chemical Structure
  24. GC13443 Doxazosin Mesylate

    UK 33274-27

     α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist Doxazosin Mesylate Chemical Structure
  25. GC16994 Doxorubicin

    Hydroxydaunorubicin

    Doxorubicin(DOX), also known as adriamycin, is a compound of the anthracycline class that has the broadest spectrum of activity.

     Doxorubicin Chemical Structure
  26. GC17567 Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl

    DOX

     Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin) hydrochloride, a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl Chemical Structure
  27. GC14968 Esmolol HCl

    ASL 8052

     Esmolol HCl is a beta adrenergic receptor blocker. Esmolol HCl Chemical Structure
  28. GC15617 Etoposide

    VP-16; VP-16-213

     Etoposide (VP-16) is a nonspecific inhibitor of topoisomerase II with an IC50 value of 59.2μM. Etoposide Chemical Structure
  29. GN10156 Ginsenoside Rb1

    Gypenoside III, NSC 310103

     Ginsenoside Rb1 Chemical Structure
  30. GC18049 GSK2578215A LRRK2 inhibitor GSK2578215A Chemical Structure
  31. GA10942 H-D-Gln-OH

    D-Gln

     H-D-Gln-OH Chemical Structure
  32. GC14591 Hemin chloride Hemin chloride, a substrate of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, induces HO-1 expression on a variety of cells to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. Hemin chloride Chemical Structure
  33. GC16105 Iohexol contrast agent Iohexol Chemical Structure
  34. GC12017 Isoniazid

    Isonicotinylhydrazide, NSC 9659

     antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis Isoniazid Chemical Structure
  35. GC64098 Isoniazid-d4 Isoniazid-d4 Chemical Structure
  36. GC12339 Ivermectin

    22,23-dihydro Avermectin B1, L-640,471, MK-933

     NAChR/purinergic P2X4 receptor modulator Ivermectin Chemical Structure
  37. GC38150 Liensinine Diperchlorate Liensinine Diperchlor?ate is a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Liensinine Diperchlorate Chemical Structure
  38. GC17874 Matrine

    NSC 146051, NSC 318810

     Matrine is an alkaloid found in Sophora japonica plants that acts as a kappa opioid receptor and µ-receptor agonist. Matrine Chemical Structure
  39. GC10200 Mdivi 1

    Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1

     Mdivi-1 (Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1) inhibits traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1) up-regulation, autophagy dysfunction and mitophagy activation. Mdivi 1 Chemical Structure
  40. GC15618 Melatonin

    NSC 56423, NSC 113928, Regulin

    Melatonin receptors agonist

     Melatonin Chemical Structure
  41. GC60241 Melatonin D5 An internal standard for the quantification of melatonin Melatonin D5 Chemical Structure
  42. GC61045 Metformin D6 hydrochloride

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride-d6

     An internal standard for the quantification of metformin Metformin D6 hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  43. GC17443 Metformin HCl

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride

     Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin HCl Chemical Structure
  44. GC71451 MTX115325 MTX115325 (Example 1) is an orally active, brain-penetrating USP30 inhibitor (IC50=12 nM) with neuroprotective activity. MTX115325 Chemical Structure
  45. GN10257 Naringin

    NSC 5548

     Naringin Chemical Structure
  46. GC12495 Olanzapine

    LY170053

     Olanzapine (LY170053) is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (Ki=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (Ki=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (Ki=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptor (Ki=19 nM). Olanzapine Chemical Structure
  47. GC61809 Olanzapine D3 Olanzapine D3 (LY170053-d3) is the deuterium labeled Olanzapine. Olanzapine D3 Chemical Structure
  48. GC17580 Olaparib (AZD2281, Ku-0059436)

    AZD 2281, Ku0059436

     Olaparib (AZD2281, Ku-0059436) is a potent and selective PARP inhibitor that specifically targets PARP1 and PARP2 (IC 50 = 5 nM and 1 nM, respectively). Olaparib (AZD2281, Ku-0059436) Chemical Structure
  49. GC30871 Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) (6-OHDA) is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  50. GC38562 P62-mediated mitophagy inducer

    PMI

     P62-mediated mitophagy inducer is a mitophagy regulator which activates mitophagy without recruiting Parkin or collapsing ΔΨm and retains activity in cells devoid of a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer Chemical Structure
  51. GC71203 PARL-IN-1 PARL-IN-1 is a potent PARL inhibitor with an IC50 value of 28 nM. PARL-IN-1 Chemical Structure
  52. GN10357 Parthenolide Parthenolide is an NF-κB inhibitor with IC50 values for Eca109, KYSE-510, SiHa and MCF-7 cells of approximately 10.3, 13.3, 8.42 and 9.54µM at 48h respectively. Parthenolide Chemical Structure
  53. GC11332 Pitavastatin

    HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

     Pitavastatin Chemical Structure
  54. GC12116 Pitavastatin Calcium

    Itabastatin, Itavastatin, NKS 104

     Enzyme HMGCR inhibitor Pitavastatin Calcium Chemical Structure
  55. GC36930 Pitavastatin D4

    NK-104 D4

     Pitavastatin D4 (NK-104 D4) is deuterium labeled Pitavastatin. Pitavastatin D4 Chemical Structure
  56. GN10331 Polydatin

    Piceid, (E)-Piceid, (E)-Polydatin, trans-Polydatin, trans-Resveratrol-3-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside

     Polydatin Chemical Structure
  57. GC15904 PP242

    PP242; PP-242

     PP242 (PP 242) is a selective and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. PP242 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50s of 30 nM and 58 nM, respectively. PP242 Chemical Structure
  58. GN10266 Quercetin

    Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid, present in vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts, tea and red wine.

     Quercetin Chemical Structure
  59. GC61227 Quercetin D5 Quercetin D5 is a deuterium labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively. Quercetin D5 Chemical Structure
  60. GC61229 Quinacrine dihydrochloride Quinacrine (Mepacrine) dihydrochloride is an orally bioavailable antimalarial agent, which possess anticancer effect both in vitro and vivo. Quinacrine dihydrochloride Chemical Structure
  61. GC32768 Quinacrine dihydrochloride (Mepacrine dihydrochloride) Quinacrine dihydrochloride (Mepacrine dihydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  62. GC14553 Resveratrol

    (E)Resveratrol

     Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol; SRT501) is a phytoalexin. Resveratrol Chemical Structure
  63. GC14191 Ruxolitinib (INCB18424)

    INCB18424

     Ruxolitinib (INCB018424), as an inhibitor, inhibits Janus-associated kinases (JAKs)JAK1 and JAK2 with IC50 values of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM, respectively. Ruxolitinib (INCB18424) Chemical Structure
  64. GC16124 Ruxolitinib phosphate

    INC 424 (phosphate), INCB 018424 (phosphate)

     A potent and selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib phosphate Chemical Structure
  65. GC16508 Salicylic acid

    2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, NSC 180

     COX inhibitor Salicylic acid Chemical Structure
  66. GC74187 Salicylic acid-13C6

    2-Hydroxybenzoic acid-13C6

     Salicylic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Salicylic acid. Salicylic acid-13C6 Chemical Structure
  67. GC64032 Salicylic acid-d6 Salicylic acid-D6 (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid-D6) is a deuterium labeled Salicylic acid. Salicylic acid-d6 Chemical Structure
  68. GC14882 Salinomycin A selective cancer stem cell inhibitor Salinomycin Chemical Structure
  69. GC13595 SB 203580

    SB 203580; RWJ 64809

     SB 203580 is a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK (Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase) pathway . SB 203580 Chemical Structure
  70. GC13001 SB 203580 hydrochloride

    PB 203580, RWJ 64809

     Adezmapimod (SB 203580) hydrochloride is a selective and ATP-competitive p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 50 nM and 500 nM for SAPK2a/p38 and SAPK2b/p38β2, respectively. SB 203580 hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  71. GC10585 Simvastatin (Zocor)

    MK-733, SVA

     Simvastatin (Zocor) (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM. Simvastatin (Zocor) Chemical Structure
  72. GC31964 Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate

    Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate

    Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate) is a long chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells.

     Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate Chemical Structure
  73. GC34817 Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium

    SSO

    A long chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells

     Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium Chemical Structure
  74. GC17651 Sunitinib Sunitinib (SU 11248) is an orally active multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 80 nM and 2 nM for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRβ), respectively. Sunitinib Chemical Structure
  75. GC48118 Sunitinib-d10 An internal standard for the quantification of sunitinib Sunitinib-d10 Chemical Structure
  76. GC45099 U-0126

    A MEK inhibitor

     U-0126 Chemical Structure
  77. GC15951 URB597

    FAAH Inhibitor II, URB-597, URB 597, KDS-4103

     An inhibitor of FAAH URB597 Chemical Structure
  78. GC11424 Valproic acid

    NSC 93819, 2-Propylvaleric Acid, Valproate, VPA

     HDAC1 inhibitor Valproic acid Chemical Structure
  79. GC15794 Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium valproate)

    2Propylvaleric Acid, Valproate, VPA

     Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium valproate) (VPA) is an orally active histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.5 mM. It inhibits HDAC1 with an IC50 value of 400 μM and can induce the degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium valproate) Chemical Structure
  80. GC64378 Valproic acid-d6

    Valproic acid-d6 (VPA-d6) is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.

     Valproic acid-d6 Chemical Structure
  81. GC17390 Vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683)

    Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, Vorinostat

    An HDAC inhibitor

     Vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) Chemical Structure
  82. GC71492 WJ-39 WJ-39 is an orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor. WJ-39 Chemical Structure

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