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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Targets for  Reactive Oxygen Species

Products for  Reactive Oxygen Species

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC13795 Isobavachalcone A chalcone and flavonoid with diverse biological activities Isobavachalcone Chemical Structure
  3. GN10264 Isochlorogenic acid A Isochlorogenic acid A Chemical Structure
  4. GC39109 Isodeoxyelephantopin Isodeoxyelephantopin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus scaber. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces ROS generation, suppresses NF-κB activation. Isodeoxyelephantopin also modulates LncRNA expression and exhibit activities against breast cancer. Isodeoxyelephantopin Chemical Structure
  5. GC52027 Isolariciresinol A lignan with diverse biological activities Isolariciresinol Chemical Structure
  6. GN10041 Isoquercitrin Isoquercitrin Chemical Structure
  7. GC31272 Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) ((-)-Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol)) is a derivative of Stevioside through acid catalyzed hydrolysis of Stevioside. Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) Chemical Structure
  8. GC38803 J14 J14 is a reversible sulfiredoxin inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. J14 induces oxidative stress (intracellular ROS accumulation) by inhibiting sulfiredoxin, leading to cytotoxicity and cancer cell death. J14 Chemical Structure
  9. GC47477 JKE-1674 A GPX4 inhibitor and active metabolite of ML-210 JKE-1674 Chemical Structure
  10. GC47478 JKE-1716 A GPX4 inhibitor JKE-1716 Chemical Structure
  11. GC48507 Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside (Trifolin) is a derivative of flavonoid, which is isolated from the aerial part of Consolida oliveriana. Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside Chemical Structure
  12. GC49372 Kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside A flavonoid glycoside with antioxidant and anticancer activities Kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside Chemical Structure
  13. GC11770 Ketone Ester A ketone ester with anti-obesity and anticonvulsant activities Ketone Ester Chemical Structure
  14. GC49436 L-3-n-Butylphthalide A phthalide with antiplatelet and neuroprotective activities L-3-n-Butylphthalide Chemical Structure
  15. GC11707 L-Ascorbyl 6-palmitate L-Ascorbyl 6-palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating an vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive. L-Ascorbyl 6-palmitate Chemical Structure
  16. GC52283 L-Cysteine-15N-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of L-cysteine L-Cysteine-15N-d3 Chemical Structure
  17. GC12203 L-Glutathione Reduced Used to elute GST from glutathione agarose L-Glutathione Reduced Chemical Structure
  18. GC49560 L6H21 L6H21, a Chalcone derivative, is an orally active, potent and specific myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) inhibitor. L6H21 Chemical Structure
  19. GC15550 Lacidipine L-type calcium channel blocker Lacidipine Chemical Structure
  20. GC18190 Lecanoric Acid

    Lecanoric acid is a naturally occurring depside polyphenol isolated from a variety of lichens.

     Lecanoric Acid Chemical Structure
  21. GC45917 Leucettine L41 An inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK1, and CLK3 Leucettine L41 Chemical Structure
  22. GC47556 Leukotriene B4-d4 A quantitative analytical standard guaranteed to meet MaxSpec® identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications Leukotriene B4-d4 Chemical Structure
  23. GC49597 Leukotriene B4-d5 An internal standard for the quantification of LTB4 Leukotriene B4-d5 Chemical Structure
  24. GC36443 Levomefolic acid Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements. Levomefolic acid Chemical Structure
  25. GN10423 Lipoic acid Lipoic acid Chemical Structure
  26. GN10582 Liquiritin Liquiritin Chemical Structure
  27. GC18789 Lobaric Acid Lobaric acid is a depsidone metabolite that has been isolated from Stereocaulon lichen species with antioxidant, antiproliferative, antiviral, and enzyme inhibitory activites. Lobaric Acid Chemical Structure
  28. GN10569 Lobetyolin Lobetyolin Chemical Structure
  29. GC49177 Loliolide

    A monoterpene lactone with diverse biological activities

     Loliolide Chemical Structure
  30. GC36492 Luciferase Luciferase from Vibrio fischeri has also been used in a study to investigate the sensitivity of dark mutants of various strains of luminescent bacteria to reactive oxygen species. Luciferase Chemical Structure
  31. GC63049 Luciferase-IN-1 Luciferase-IN-1 is a luciferase inhibitor. Luciferase-IN-1 Chemical Structure
  32. GC47582 Lupulone A beta-acid Lupulone Chemical Structure
  33. GC61015 Luteolin 5-O-glucoside Luteolin 5-O-glucoside, a major flavonoidfrom Cirsium maackii, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside Chemical Structure
  34. GN10448 Lycopene Lycopene Chemical Structure
  35. GC46031 Malabaricone B A diarylnonanoid with diverse biological activities Malabaricone B Chemical Structure
  36. GC46028 Malabaricone C A diarylnonanoid with diverse biological activities Malabaricone C Chemical Structure
  37. GC40979 Maresin 1

    A 7,14-dihydroxy DHA formed from 14(S)-hydroperoxy DHA

     Maresin 1 Chemical Structure
  38. GC49486 Meglutol-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of meglutol Meglutol-d3 Chemical Structure
  39. GC30500 Melittoside An iridoid glycoside Melittoside Chemical Structure
  40. GC19759 Mesotrione Mesotrione is a herbicide belongs to the benzoylcyclohexanedione family. Mesotrione Chemical Structure
  41. GC48889 Methazolamide-d6 An internal standard for the quantification of methazolamide Methazolamide-d6 Chemical Structure
  42. GC30046 Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS) Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS) (1-Methoxy PMS), an active oxygen formation inducer, is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes. Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS) Chemical Structure
  43. GC47659 Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate A polyphenol with antioxidant and antiviral activities Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate Chemical Structure
  44. GC32170 Methyl gallate (Gallincin) Methyl gallate (Gallincin) is a plant phenolic with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Methyl gallate (Gallincin) Chemical Structure
  45. GC31794 Methyl vanillate

    Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator.

     Methyl vanillate Chemical Structure
  46. GC45513 MGR1   MGR1 Chemical Structure
  47. GC44190 MGR2 MGR2 is a negative control compound for the activity of the reactive oxygen species-generating probe MGR1. MGR2 Chemical Structure
  48. GC49521 MHY553 An agonist of PPARα MHY553 Chemical Structure
  49. GC44191 MHY908 MHY908 is a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ that increases transcriptional activity of PPARα and PPARγ in a luciferase reporter assay in AC2F rat liver cells when used at a concentration of 5 μM. MHY908 Chemical Structure
  50. GC62564 Mito-LND Mito-LND (Mito-Lonidamine) is an orally active and mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mito-LND inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species, and induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells. Mito-LND Chemical Structure
  51. GC44199 MitoB MitoB is a ratiometric mass spectrometry probe that can be used for assessing changes in H2O2 within mitochondria in vivo. MitoB Chemical Structure
  52. GC44201 MitoP MitoP is a phenol product produced by the reaction of H2O2 with the ratiometric mass spectrometry probe MitoB. MitoP Chemical Structure
  53. GC44204 MitoPQ

    MitoPQ is comprised of a triphenylphosphonium lipophilic cation conjugated to the redox cycler paraquat.

     MitoPQ Chemical Structure
  54. GC44205 Mitoquinol

    Mitoquinol is a ubiquinone derivative that specifically accumulates in mitochondria due to the covalent attachment of the cation triphenylphosphonium.

     Mitoquinol Chemical Structure
  55. GC49222 Mitoquinol-d15 An internal standard for the quantification of mitoquinol Mitoquinol-d15 Chemical Structure
  56. GC30416 Mitoquinone (MitoQ)

    Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a ubiquinone-derived antioxidant

     Mitoquinone (MitoQ) Chemical Structure
  57. GC31292 Mitoquinone mesylate (Mitoquinone methanesulfonate) Mitoquinone mesylate (Mitoquinone methanesulfonate) is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in order to protect against oxidative damage. Mitoquinone mesylate (Mitoquinone methanesulfonate) Chemical Structure
  58. GC68230 MitoSOX Red MitoSOX Red Chemical Structure
  59. GC62406 Moracin O Moracin O is a 2-arylbenzofuran isolated from the Mori Cortex Radicis. Moracin O Chemical Structure
  60. GC38978 Moslosooflavone Moslosooflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Saussurea involucrata. Moslosooflavone Chemical Structure
  61. GC40298 N-acetyl-5-Aminosalicylic Acid N-acetyl-5-Aminosalicylic acid is a metabolite of the anti-inflammatory agent 5-aminosalicylic acid and its prodrug form, sulfasalazine. N-acetyl-5-Aminosalicylic Acid Chemical Structure
  62. GC39756 N-Acetyl-D-cysteine N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway. N-Acetyl-D-cysteine Chemical Structure
  63. GC44301 N-acetyl-L-Cysteine amide N-acetyl-L-Cysteine amide is a cell membranes and blood brain barrier permeant thiol antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, reduces ROS production. N-acetyl-L-Cysteine amide Chemical Structure
  64. GC69530 N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2

    N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 (compound 2) is a N-acetyldopamine dimer with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that can be isolated from the yellow powder of cicada skin. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, and NF-κB activity.

     N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 Chemical Structure
  65. GC52073 N-formyl-2-Aminophenol A bacterial secondary metabolite with antioxidant activity N-formyl-2-Aminophenol Chemical Structure
  66. GC52007 N-hydroxylamine Dapsone An active metabolite of dapsone N-hydroxylamine Dapsone Chemical Structure
  67. GN10276 Naringenin Naringenin Chemical Structure
  68. GN10550 Neosperidin dihydrochalcone Neosperidin dihydrochalcone Chemical Structure
  69. GC40669 Nerol Nerol is a monoterpene and isomer of geraniol that has been found in a variety of plants, including Cannabis. Nerol Chemical Structure
  70. GC16889 Nisoldipine calcium channel blocker Nisoldipine Chemical Structure
  71. GC62196 Nisoldipine-d7 Nisoldipine-d7 Chemical Structure
  72. GC11660 Nitisinone inhibitor of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Nitisinone Chemical Structure
  73. GN10325 Nobiletin Nobiletin Chemical Structure
  74. GC19765 Norbergenin

     An O-demethylated derivative of bergenin

     Norbergenin Chemical Structure
  75. GC41152 Norgestrel Progesterone is a steroid secreted by the corpus luteum and placenta. Norgestrel Chemical Structure
  76. GC13345 NXY-059 NXY-059 (NXY-059) is the disulfonyl derivative of the neuroprotective spin trap phenylbutynitrone(PBN), both NXY-059, its parent PBN and their hydrolysis/oxidation product MNT are very powerful scavengers of free radicals. NXY-059 Chemical Structure
  77. GC18673 OBA-09 A neuroprotective agent OBA-09 Chemical Structure
  78. GC33444 Octahydrocurcumin (Hexahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin) Octahydrocurcumin (Hexahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin) is a hydrogenated derivatives of curcumin; metabolite of curcumin. Octahydrocurcumin (Hexahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin) Chemical Structure
  79. GC34694 Octyl gallate

    Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

     Octyl gallate Chemical Structure
  80. GC40921 Orsellinic Acid Orsellinic acid is a fungal metabolite and benzoic acid derivative with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Orsellinic Acid Chemical Structure
  81. GC38973 Osmundacetone Osmundacetone is a natural product isolated from Osmundae Rhizoma, with neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects. Osmundacetone Chemical Structure
  82. GC48703 Palmarumycin C3 A fungal metabolite Palmarumycin C3 Chemical Structure
  83. GC49422 PAR2 (1-6) amide (human) (trifluoroacetate salt) A peptide agonist of PAR2 PAR2 (1-6) amide (human) (trifluoroacetate salt) Chemical Structure
  84. GC44589 Pelargonidin (chloride) Pelargonidin is a natural polyphenolic anthocyanidin that gives rise to red pelargonidin glycosides in plant petals and other parts. Pelargonidin (chloride) Chemical Structure
  85. GC47932 Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (chloride) Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin that can be found in strawberries and chokeberries. Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (chloride) Chemical Structure
  86. GC44594 Pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl fluorescein Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the initiation and progression of many disease processes. Pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl fluorescein Chemical Structure
  87. GC45777 Peonidin 3-O-glucoside (chloride) An anthocyanin with diverse biological activities Peonidin 3-O-glucoside (chloride) Chemical Structure
  88. GC44602 Peroxynitrite

    Formed in vivo by the reaction of NO with superoxide

     Peroxynitrite Chemical Structure
  89. GC49015 Phenethyl isothiocyanate An isothiocyanate with anticancer activity Phenethyl isothiocyanate Chemical Structure
  90. GC30080 Phillygenin (Phillygenol) Phillygenin (Phillygenol) (Phillygenol) is an active ingredient from Forsythia with many medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, reducing blood lipid, inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation. Phillygenin (Phillygenol) Chemical Structure
  91. GC47955 Phloroglucinol A phenol with diverse biological activities Phloroglucinol Chemical Structure
  92. GN10778 Picroside II Picroside II Chemical Structure
  93. GN10120 Pinocembrin Pinocembrin Chemical Structure
  94. GC10282 Piperlongumine An alkaloid with anticancer and antioxidant activities Piperlongumine Chemical Structure
  95. GC32946 PK11007 PK11007 is a mild thiol alkylator with anticancer activity. PK11007 stabilizes p53 via selective alkylation of two surface-exposed cysteines without compromising its DNA binding activity. PK11007 induces mutant p53 cancer cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. PK11007 Chemical Structure
  96. GC46019 Pluviatolide A lignan Pluviatolide Chemical Structure
  97. GC44670 PPA PPA is the product of peroxidase-catalyzed reduction of PPHP. PPA Chemical Structure
  98. GC44672 PPHP PPHP is a substrate for the measurement of peroxidase enzymes. PPHP Chemical Structure
  99. GN10599 Procyanidin B2 Procyanidin B2 Chemical Structure
  100. GC47977 Propiconazole A broad-spectrum triazole fungicide Propiconazole Chemical Structure
  101. GC47979 Propiconazole-d7 An internal standard for the quantification of propiconazole Propiconazole-d7 Chemical Structure

Items 201 to 300 of 380 total

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