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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> DNA Damage/DNA Repair >> DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

Targets for  DNA/RNA Synthesis

Products for  DNA/RNA Synthesis

  1. Cat.No. Product Name Information
  2. GC52303 Ethyl Mycophenolate A potential impurity found in commercial preparations of mycophenolate mofetil Ethyl Mycophenolate Chemical Structure
  3. GC38392 Euscaphic acid Euscaphic acid, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, is a triterpene from the root of the R. alceaefolius Poir. Euscaphic inhibits calf DNA polymerase α (pol α) and rat DNA polymerase β (pol β) with IC50 values of 61 and 108 μM. Euscaphic acid induces apoptosis. Euscaphic acid Chemical Structure
  4. GC46146 FD-211 A δ lactone with anticancer activity FD-211 Chemical Structure
  5. GC18014 Floxuridine Antineoplastic antimetabolite Floxuridine Chemical Structure
  6. GC14144 Fludarabine DNA synthsis inhibitor Fludarabine Chemical Structure
  7. GC15134 Fludarabine Phosphate (Fludara) Fludarabine (phosphate) is an analogue of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, which is able to compete with dATP for incorporation into DNA and inhibit DNA synthesis. Fludarabine Phosphate (Fludara) Chemical Structure
  8. GC49134 Flumequine-13C3 An internal standard for the quantification of flumequine Flumequine-13C3 Chemical Structure
  9. GC49455 Fluorescein-12-dATP A fluorescently labeled form of dATP Fluorescein-12-dATP Chemical Structure
  10. GC49746 Fluorescein-12-dCTP A fluorescently labeled form of dCTP Fluorescein-12-dCTP Chemical Structure
  11. GC49456 Fluorescein-12-dGTP A fluorescently labeled form of dGTP Fluorescein-12-dGTP Chemical Structure
  12. GC14466 Fluorouracil (Adrucil)

    A prodrug form of FdUMP

     Fluorouracil (Adrucil) Chemical Structure
  13. GN10306 Folic acid Folic acid Chemical Structure
  14. GC63952 Folic Acid-d2 Folic Acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Folic acid. Folic acid (Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is a B vitamin; is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis. Folic Acid-d2 Chemical Structure
  15. GC49126 Folitixorin A reduced form of folate and cofactor for thymidylate synthetase Folitixorin Chemical Structure
  16. GC14885 Foscarnet Sodium Reverse transcriptase inhibitor Foscarnet Sodium Chemical Structure
  17. GC33094 GC7 Sulfate GC7 Sulfate is a deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) inhibitor. GC7 Sulfate Chemical Structure
  18. GC16805 Gemcitabine

    An inhibitor of DNA synthesis

     Gemcitabine Chemical Structure
  19. GC14447 Gemcitabine HCl Gemcitabine Hydrochloride (LY 188011 Hydrochloride) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine Hydrochloride inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis. Gemcitabine HCl Chemical Structure
  20. GC18840 Gilvocarcin V Gilvocarcin V is an antitumor antibiotic with a coumarin-based aromatic structure that was orignally isolated from the culture broth of S. Gilvocarcin V Chemical Structure
  21. GC30529 GNE-371 GNE-371 is a potent and selective chemical probe for the second bromodomains of human transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1 and transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1-like, with an IC50 of 10 nM for TAF1(2). GNE-371 Chemical Structure
  22. GC16949 Guanine A purine base Guanine Chemical Structure
  23. GC49033 Guanosine 5’-diphosphate (sodium salt hydrate) A purine nucleotide Guanosine 5’-diphosphate (sodium salt hydrate) Chemical Structure
  24. GC43798 Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate (lithium salt) Guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) lithium, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue, increases adenylate cyclase activity. Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate (lithium salt) Chemical Structure
  25. GC31650 Halofuginone (RU-19110) Halofuginone (RU-19110) (RU-19110), a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone (RU-19110) Chemical Structure
  26. GC31950 Halofuginone hydrobromide (RU-19110 (hydrobromide)) Halofuginone (RU-19110) hydrobromid, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone hydrobromide (RU-19110 (hydrobromide)) Chemical Structure
  27. GC62328 HBV-IN-4 HBV-IN-4, a phthalazinone derivative, is a potent and orally active HBV DNA replication inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM. HBV-IN-4 Chemical Structure
  28. GC39279 hDHODH-IN-1 hDHODH-IN-1 is a human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) inhibitor. hDHODH-IN-1 Chemical Structure
  29. GC48388 Heliquinomycin A bacterial metabolite with diverse biological activities Heliquinomycin Chemical Structure
  30. GC40103 Herboxidiene Herboxidiene, as a potent antitumor agent, can target the SF3B subunit of the spliceosome. Herboxidiene also induces both G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest in a human normal fibroblast cell line WI-38. Herboxidiene Chemical Structure
  31. GC16843 Hydroxyurea DNA synthesis inhibitor Hydroxyurea Chemical Structure
  32. GC49694 Hygromycin A An antibiotic Hygromycin A Chemical Structure
  33. GC48445 Hygromycin B (hydrate)

    An aminoglycoside antibiotic

     Hygromycin B (hydrate) Chemical Structure
  34. GC49267 Hygromycin B-d4

    An internal standard for the quantification of hygromycin

     Hygromycin B-d4 Chemical Structure
  35. GC16003 Ifosfamide Cytostatic agent Ifosfamide Chemical Structure
  36. GC62137 IMT1 IMT1 is a first-in-class specific and noncompetitive human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor. IMT1 Chemical Structure
  37. GC39140 Isopimpinellin Isopimpinellin, an orally active compound isolated from the roots of Pimpinella saxifrage. Isopimpinellin Chemical Structure
  38. GC10834 Isoxanthopterin

    interferes with RNA and DNA synthesis

     Isoxanthopterin Chemical Structure
  39. GC36367 JH-RE-06 JH-RE-06, a potent REV1-REV7 interface inhibitor (IC50=0.78 μM; Kd=0.42 μM), targets REV1 that interacts with the REV7 subunit of POLζ. JH-RE-06 disrupts mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) by preventing recruitment of mutagenic POLζ. JH-RE-06 improves chemotherapy. JH-RE-06 Chemical Structure
  40. GC50117 JTE 607 dihydrochloride JTE 607 dihydrochloride, a highly selective inflammatory cytokine synthesis inhibitor, protects from endotoxin shock in mice. JTE 607 dihydrochloride Chemical Structure
  41. GC47521 K22 An antiviral agent K22 Chemical Structure
  42. GC49381 L-Leucine-d10 An internal standard for the quantification of L-leucine L-Leucine-d10 Chemical Structure
  43. GC49368 L-Methionine-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of L-methionine L-Methionine-d3 Chemical Structure
  44. GC49384 L-Proline-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of L-proline L-Proline-d3 Chemical Structure
  45. GC12131 L189 inhibitor of human DNA ligases I, III and IV L189 Chemical Structure
  46. GC18186 L67 L67 is a competitive inhibitor of DNA ligases I and III (IC50s = 10 and 10 uM for human DNA ligase I and human ligase IIIβ). L67 Chemical Structure
  47. GC67785 L82 L82 Chemical Structure
  48. GC68436 L82-G17 L82-G17 Chemical Structure
  49. GC39632 Laflunimus Laflunimus (HR325) is an immunosuppressive agent and an analogue of the Leflunomide-active metabolite A77 1726. Laflunimus Chemical Structure
  50. GC47552 Leflunomide-d4 An internal standard for the quantification of leflunomide Leflunomide-d4 Chemical Structure
  51. GC46166 Leoidin A depsidone Leoidin Chemical Structure
  52. GC66659 LNA-A(Bz) amidite LNA-A(Bz) amidite can be used for synthesis of ASOs (antisense oligonucleotides). LNA-A(Bz) amidite Chemical Structure
  53. GC19238 Madrasin Madrasin is a potent and cell penetrant splicing inhibitor that interferes with the early stages of spliceosome assembly. Madrasin Chemical Structure
  54. GC60234 Maleic hydrazide Maleic hydrazide is extensively used as a systemic plant growth regulator and as a herbicide. Maleic hydrazide acts as an inhibitor of the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Maleic hydrazide Chemical Structure
  55. GC33411 MB-7133 MB-7133 Chemical Structure
  56. GC13704 Mercaptopurine (6-MP) Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a purine analogue which acts as an antagonist of the endogenous purines and has been widely used as antileukemic agent and immunosuppressive drug. Mercaptopurine (6-MP) Chemical Structure
  57. GC38201 Metarrestin Metarrestin (ML246) is an orally active, first-in-class and specific perinucleolar compartment inhibitor. Metarrestin disrupts the nucleolar structure and inhibits RNA polymerase (Pol) I transcription, at least in part by interacting with the translation elongation factor eEF1A2. Metarrestin blocks metastatic development and extends survival in mouse cancer models. Metarrestin Chemical Structure
  58. GC61047 Methotrexate disodium Methotrexate (Amethopterin) disodium, an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate disodium Chemical Structure
  59. GC52165 Minosaminomycin Minosaminomycin Chemical Structure
  60. GC15060 Mithramycin A A DNA-binding antitumor antibiotic Mithramycin A Chemical Structure
  61. GC12353 Mitomycin C Mitomycin C is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces Caespitosus or Streptomyces Lavendulae. Mitomycin C inhibits DNA synthesis by forming covalent mitomycin C-DNA adducts with DNA, with an EC50 value of 0.14 μM in PC3 cells. Mitomycin C Chemical Structure
  62. GC67716 Mitonafide Mitonafide Chemical Structure
  63. GC12786 ML216 BLM helicase inhibitor ML216 Chemical Structure
  64. GC64666 ML372 ML372 Chemical Structure
  65. GC15238 Mupirocin isoleucyl t-RNA synthetase inhibitor Mupirocin Chemical Structure
  66. GC12423 Mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride Immunosuppresant drug Mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  67. GC40683 N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-Naphthalimide N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-Naphthalimide is an N-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide used as a fluorescent probe and as a precursor for protection of amine groups. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-Naphthalimide Chemical Structure
  68. GC19566 N-Nitrosodiethylamine (950mg/mL) N-Nitrosodiethylamine (Diethylnitrosamine) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is mainly present in tobacco smoke, water, cheddar cheese, cured, fried meals and many alcoholic beverages. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is responsible for the changes in the nuclear enzymes associated with DNA repair/replication. N-Nitrosodiethylamine results in various tumors in all animal species. The main target organs are the nasal cavity, trachea, lung, esophagus and liver. N-Nitrosodiethylamine (950mg/mL) Chemical Structure
  69. GC69577 N-Nitrosodiethylamine-d10

    N-Nitrosodiethylamine-d10 is the deuterated form of N-Nitrosodiethylamine. N-Nitrosodiethylamine (Diethylnitrosamine) is a potent carcinogen belonging to the group of nitrosamines. It is mainly found in tobacco smoke, water, cheddar cheese, pickled foods, fried foods and many alcoholic beverages. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is responsible for changes in nucleases involved in DNA repair/replication. It can cause various tumors in all animals with major target organs being the nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, esophagus and liver.

     N-Nitrosodiethylamine-d10 Chemical Structure
  70. GC66325 N2-Acetylguanine N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent. N2-Acetylguanine Chemical Structure
  71. GC65561 N6-Methyl-dA phosphoramidite N6-Methyl-dA phosphoramidite can be used in the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. N6-Methyl-dA phosphoramidite Chemical Structure
  72. GC63653 NCGC00029283 NCGC00029283 is a werner syndrome helicase-nuclease (WRN) helicase inhibitor with IC50s of 2.3 μM, 12.5 μM, and 3.4 μM for WRN, BLM and FANCJ helicase, respectively. NCGC00029283 Chemical Structure
  73. GC15786 Nedaplatin DNA synthesis inhibitor Nedaplatin Chemical Structure
  74. GC10591 Nelarabine Prodrug of ara-G for T-LBL/T-ALL Nelarabine Chemical Structure
  75. GC64493 Neocarzinostatin

    Neocarzinostatin, a potent DNA-damaging, anti-tumor antibiotic, recognizes double-stranded DNA bulge and induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).

     Neocarzinostatin Chemical Structure
  76. GC60268 Neoxanthin Neoxanthin is a major xanthophyll carotenoid and a precursor of the plant hormone abscisic acid in dark green leafy vegetables. Neoxanthin is a potent antioxidant and light-harvesting pigment. Neoxanthin induces apoptosis and has anticancer actions. Neoxanthin Chemical Structure
  77. GC36743 Nimustine hydrochloride Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) is a DNA cross-linking and DNA alkylating agent, which induces DNA replication blocking lesions and DNA double-strand breaks and inhibits DNA synthesis, commonly used in chemotherapy for glioblastomas. Nimustine hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  78. GC64559 NITD-2 NITD-2, a dengue virus (DENV) polymerase inhibitor, inhibits the DENV RdRp-mediated RNA elongation. NITD-2 Chemical Structure
  79. GC19506 NITD008

    NITD008 is a potent and selective flaviviruse inhibitor which can inhibit Dengue Virus Type 2 (DENV-2) with an EC50 of 0.64 μM.

     NITD008 Chemical Structure
  80. GC19263 NKP-1339 NKP-1339(IT-139) is a ruthenium(iii) coordination anticancer compound based on target to transferrin. NKP-1339 Chemical Structure
  81. GC62679 NSAH NSAH is a reversible and competitive nonnucleoside ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor, with cell-free IC50 of 32 μM and cell-based IC50 of ~250 nM, respectively. NSAH Chemical Structure
  82. GC69598 NSC 80467

    NSC 80467 is a DNA damaging agent that selectively inhibits survivin. NSC 80467 preferentially inhibits DNA synthesis and induces two markers of DNA damage, γH2AX and pKAP1.

     NSC 80467 Chemical Structure
  83. GC64103 NSC639828 NSC639828 is a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase α with an IC50 of 70 μM. NSC639828 has high antitumor activity. NSC639828 has the potential for researching cancer disease. NSC639828 Chemical Structure
  84. GC64293 Nusinersen Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide drug that modifies pre–messenger RNA splicing of the SMN2 gene and thus promotes increased production of full-length SMN protein. Nusinersen Chemical Structure
  85. GC63123 NVS-SM2 NVS-SM2 is a potent, orally active and brain-penetrant SMN2 splicing enhancer with an EC50 of 2 nM for SMN. NVS-SM2 Chemical Structure
  86. GC49743 Octapeptide-2 A thymosin β4-derived peptide Octapeptide-2 Chemical Structure
  87. GC64296 Orotidine 5′-monophosphate trisodium Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Orotidine 5′-monophosphate trisodium Chemical Structure
  88. GC17716 Oxaliplatin Oxaliplatin is a cytotoxic chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer. Oxaliplatin Chemical Structure
  89. GC49251 Oxaliplatin-d10 An internal standard for the quantification of oxaliplatin Oxaliplatin-d10 Chemical Structure
  90. GC14107 Oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase Oxolinic acid Chemical Structure
  91. GC17232 P005672 hydrochloride P005672 hydrochloride is a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic. P005672 hydrochloride Chemical Structure
  92. GC14849 Paradol A phenolic ketone with diverse biological activities Paradol Chemical Structure
  93. GC65891 PCLX-001 PCLX-001 is an orally acitve, small-molecule, dual N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) inhibitor, with IC50s of 5 nM (NMT1) and 8 nM (NMT2), respectively. PCLX-001 exhibits anti-tumor activity and inhibits early B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, can be used to B-cell malignancies research. PCLX-001 Chemical Structure
  94. GC44591 Pemetrexed (sodium salt hydrate) Pemetrexed (sodium salt hydrate) is a novel antifolate, the Ki values of the pentaglutamate of LY231514 are 1.3, 7.2, and 65 nM for inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), respectively. Pemetrexed (sodium salt hydrate) Chemical Structure
  95. GC30695 Phen-DC3 Phen-DC3 is a G-quadruplex (G4) specific ligand which can inhibit FANCJ and DinG helicases with IC50s of 65±6 and 50±10 nM, respectively. Phen-DC3 Chemical Structure
  96. GC14066 Procaine Sodium channel inhibitor Procaine Chemical Structure
  97. GC44685 Procaine (hydrochloride) Procaine (hydrochloride) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a local anesthetic that is used as an adulterant. Procaine (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure
  98. GC11793 Procarbazine HCl Procarbazine HCl is an orally active alkylating agent, with anticancer activity. Procarbazine HCl can be used in Hodgkin's disease research. Procarbazine HCl Chemical Structure
  99. GC60310 Psammaplin A Psammaplin A, a marine metabolite, is a potent inhibitor of HDAC and DNA methyltransferases. Psammaplin A Chemical Structure
  100. GC49053 Pseudomonic Acid (lithium salt) An antibiotic Pseudomonic Acid (lithium salt) Chemical Structure
  101. GC38466 Pseudouridimycin Pseudouridimycin (PUM), an antibiotic, is a selective bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor. Pseudouridimycin Chemical Structure

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