Proteases
Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Targets for Proteases
- Caspase(114)
- Aminopeptidase(24)
- ACE(74)
- Calpains(20)
- Carboxypeptidase(10)
- Cathepsin(81)
- DPP-4(31)
- Elastase(26)
- Gamma Secretase(67)
- HCV Protease(59)
- HSP(113)
- HIV Integrase(37)
- HIV Protease(47)
- MMP(228)
- NS3/4a protease(8)
- Serine Protease(18)
- Thrombin(58)
- Urokinase(4)
- Cysteine Protease(0)
- Other Proteases(18)
- Tyrosinases(47)
- 15-PGDH(1)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(13)
- Acyltransferase(59)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)(28)
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase(9)
- ATGL(1)
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase(56)
- Drug Metabolite(457)
- E1/E2/E3 Enzyme(90)
- Endogenous Metabolite(1636)
- FABP(30)
- Farnesyl Transferase(23)
- Glutaminase(14)
- Glutathione Peroxidase(14)
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)(28)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase(17)
- Lipoxygenase(234)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism(207)
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(7)
- Neprilysin(12)
- PAI-1(13)
- Ser/Thr Protease(41)
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(13)
- Xanthine Oxidase(18)
- MALT1(10)
- PCSK9(1)
Products for Proteases
- Cat.No. Product Name Information
- GC31602 Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) is a naturally polyunsaturated fatty acid in the adrenal gland, brain, kidney, and vasculature.
- GC42742 ADT-OH ADT-OH is a derivative of anethole dithiolethione (ADT) and synthetic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor.
- GC32016 AE-3763 AE-3763 is a peptide-based human neutrophil elastase inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM.
-
GC14502
AEBSF.HCl
AEBSF.HCl is a broad-spectrum irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases, which can inhibit chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin and related thrombolytic enzymes.
- GC35261 Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxin B1, as a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, always lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals.
- GC46812 Aflatoxin G1-13C17 An internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G1
- GC35262 Afzelin A polyphenolic glycoside flavone with diverse biological activities
- GC15601 AG-120 AG-120 (AG-120) is an orally active inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant (mIDH1) enzyme, it exhibits profound d-2-hydroxyglutatrate (2-HG) lowering in vivo.
- GC13147 AG-221 (Enasidenib) AG-221 (Enasidenib) is an oral, potent, reversible, selective inhibitor of the IDH2 mutant enzymes, with IC50s of 100 and 400 nM against IDH2R140Q and IDH2R172K, respectively.
- GC63642 Agaric acid Agaric acid (Agaricinic Acid) is obtained from various plants of the fungous tribe, i.
- GC10531 AGI-5198 A potent, selective inhibitor of IDH1 mutations
- GC14757 AGI-6780 A potent, selective inhibitor of mutant IDH2
- GC16831 Agmatine sulfate α2-adrenergic receptor ligand
- GC16138 AHU-377 hemicalcium salt AHU-377 hemicalcium salt (AHU-377 hemicalcium salt) is a potent NEP inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM.
- GC10146 AHU-377(Sacubitril) AHU-377(Sacubitril) (AHU-377) is a potent and orally active NEP (neprilysin) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM.
- GC46820 AHU377-d4 AHU377-d4 (AHU-377-d4) is the deuterium labeled Sacubitril.
- GC49773 Albendazole sulfone-d3 An internal standard for the quantification of albendazole sulfone
-
GC16597
Alda 1
ALDH2 activator
- GC64063 ALDH1A1-IN-2 ALDH1A1-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (aldh1a1). Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) constitute a family of enzymes that play a critical role in oxidizing various cytotoxic xenogenic and biogenic aldehydes. ALDH1A1-IN-2 has the potential for the research of cancer, inflammation, or obesity (extracted from patent WO2019089626A1, compound 295).
- GC67782 ALDH1A2-IN-1
- GC68464 ALDH1A3-IN-1
- GC68462 ALDH1A3-IN-2
- GC64618 ALDH1A3-IN-3 ALDH1A3-IN-3 (compound 16) is a potent inhibitor of ALDH1A3, with an IC50 of 0.26 μM. ALDH1A3-IN-3 is also a good ALDH3A1 substrate. ALDH1A3-IN-3 can be used for the research of prostate cancer.
-
GC41390
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex and is the principle mineralocorticoid controlling sodium and potassium balance
- GC65281 Aleplasinin Aleplasinin is an orally active, potent, BBB-penetrated and selectiveSERPINE1 (PAI-1, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) inhibitor.
- GC65044 Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) is a human monoclonal antibody inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).
-
GC19584
Alkaline Phosphatase
10-50units/mg protein(37℃,pH 9.8)
- GC14511 all-trans Retinal converted to retinoic acid in vivo
- GC42769 all-trans Retinoyl β-D-Glucuronide all-trans Retinoyl β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of all-trans retinoic acid formed by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) system.
- GC18539 all-trans-4-hydroxy Retinoic Acid all-trans-4-hydroxy Retinoic acid is a metabolite of all-trans retinoic acid formed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP26A1, B1, and C1.
- GC31420 all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid (all-trans 4-Keto Retinoic Acid) all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid (all-trans 4-Keto Retinoic Acid), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs).
- GC61487 all-trans-Anhydro Retinol all-trans-Anhydro Retinol (Anhydrovitamin A) is a metabolite of Vitamin A.
- GC60574 Allantoic acid Allantoic acid is a degradative product of uric acid and associated with purine metabolism.
- GN10492 Allantoin
- GC33807 Alloepipregnanolone An Analytical Reference Standard
- GC15322 Allopurinol Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
- GC35295 Allopurinol riboside A ribonucleoside
- GC38734 Allotetrahydrocortisol Allotetrahydrocortisol (5a-Tetrahydrocortisol) is a metabolite of Cortisol.
- GC15130 Alogliptin (SYR-322)
- GC13949 Alogliptin Benzoate A DPP-4 inhibitor
- GC35300 Aloin(mixture of A&B) Aloin (mixture of A&B) is anthraquinone derivative isolated from Aloe vera.
- GC38885 alpha-D-glucose alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.
- GC19750 alpha-L-Rhamnose
- GC17347 Alprostadil Alprostadil (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively.
- GC18437 Alternariol monomethyl ether Alternariol monomethyl ether, isolated from the roots of Anthocleista djalonensis (Loganiaceae), is an important taxonomic marker of the plant species.
- GC14785 Alvelestat NE inhibitor
- GC33356 AM-8735 AM-8735 is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 25 nM.
- GC42777 Amastatin (hydrochloride) Amastatin is a slow, tight binding, competitive aminopeptidase (AP) inhibitor, first described as an inhibitor of human serum AP-A (glutamyl AP; IC50 = 0.54 μg/ml) but not of AP-B (arginine AP).
- GC48611 Ambroxol-d5 An internal standard for the quantification of ambroxol
- GC15828 AMG232 AMG232 (AMG 232) is a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of p53-MDM2 interaction, with an IC50 of 0.6 nM. AMG232 binds to MDM2 with a Kd of 0.045 nM.
- GC32149 Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-1 Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-1 is a bacterial aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) inhibitor.
- GC35320 Aminoadipic acid Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine.
- GC61563 Aminohexylgeldanamycin Aminohexylgeldanamycin (AHGDM), a Geldanamycin derivative, is a potent HSP90 inhibitor. Aminohexylgeldanamycin shows antiangiogenic and antitumor activities.
- GC35321 Aminomalonic acid Aminomalonic acid is an amino endogenous metabolite, acts as a strong inhibitor of L-asparagine synthetase from Leukemia 5178Y/AR (Ki= 0.0023 M) and mouse pancreas (Ki= 0.0015 M) in vitro. Aminomalonic acid is a potential biomarker to discriminate between different stages of melanoma metastasis.
- GC42788 Aminopeptidase N Inhibitor Aminopeptidase N (AP-N) inhibitor is a reversible inhibitor of AP-N/CD13 (IC50 = 25 μM).
- GC67997 Aminopeptidase-IN-1
- GC18274 Amiprofos-methyl Amiprofos-methyl (APM) is a phosphoric amide herbicide.
- GC52059 AMOZ
-
GC39477
AMP-PCP disodium
AMP-PCP disodium is an ATP analogue and can bind to Hsp90 N-terminal domain with a Kd value of 3.8 μM. AMP-PCP disodium binding favors the formation of the active homodimer of Hsp90.
- GC14152 Amprenavir (agenerase) A selective HIV protease inhibitor
- GC33484 Ampyrone (4-Aminoantipyrine)
- GP10057 Amyloid β-Peptide (10-20) (human)
- GC41211 Anacardic Acid Diene Anacardic acid diene is a polyunsaturated form of anacardic acid that has been found in cashew nut shell liquid.
- GC41531 Anacardic Acid Triene Anacardic acid triene is a polyunsaturated form of anacardic acid that has been found in cashew nut shell liquid.
- GC31341 Anagliptin (SK-0403) Anagliptin (SK-0403) (SK-0403) is a highly selective, potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with an IC50 of 3.8 nM, and less selective at DPP-8 and DDP-9 with IC50s of 68 nM and 60 nM, respectively.
- GC35339 Anandamide An immune modulator in the central nervous system
- GC46854 Anastrozole-d12 An internal standard for the quantification of anastrozole
- GC42806 Andrastin A Andrastin A is a meroterpenoid farnesyltransferase inhibitor.
-
GC30842
Androsterone (5α-Androstan-3α-ol-17-one)
An androgenic steroid
-
GP10077
Angiotensin (1-7)
Ang-(1-7) (H - Asp - Arg - Val - Tyr - Ile - His - Pro - OH) is an endogenous peptide fragment that can be produced from Ang I or Ang II via endo- or carboxy-peptidases respectively[1].
- GC61496 Angiotensin (1-7) (acetate) Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) acetate is an endogenous heptapeptide from the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with a cardioprotective role due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in cardiac cells.
- GA20760 Angiotensin A (1-7) Angiotensin A (1-7), a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vasoactive peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor MrgD.
- GC35355 Angiotensin III
- GC35356 Angiotensin III TFA
- GC32604 Angiotensinogen (1-14), human Angiotensinogen (1-14), human is a fragment of the renin substrate angiotensinogen.
- GC61511 Angstrom6 Angstrom6 (A6 Peptide) is an 8 amino-acid peptide derived from single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) and interferes with the uPA/uPAR cascade and abrogates downstream effects. Angstrom6 binds to CD44 resulting in the inhibition of migration, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, and the modulation of CD44-mediated cell signaling.
- GC14937 Anguizole
- GC30722 Anserine Anserine, a methylated form of Carnosine, is an orally active, natural Histidine-containing dipeptide found in skeletal muscle of vertebrates.
-
GC42818
Antimycin A1
Antimycin A, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties, is a mixture of Antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4.
- GC18621 Antimycin A2 Antimycin A2 is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex.
- GC42820 Antimycin A4 Antimycin A4 is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex that is more polar than antimycin A1, antimycin A2, and antimycin A3.
- GC35361 Antineoplaston A10 Antineoplaston A10, a naturally occurring substance in human body, is a Ras inhibitor potentially for the treatment of glioma, lymphoma, astrocytoma and breast cancer.
- GC40032 Antipain (hydrochloride) Antipain (hydrochloride) is a protease inhibitor isolated from Actinomycetes.
- GC42821 AP219 AP39 is a compound used to increase the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within mitochondria.
- GC42823 AP39 AP39 is a compound used to increase the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within mitochondria.
- GC65035 Apatorsen Apatorsen?is?an?antisense?oligonucleotide?designed?to?bind?to?Hsp27?mRNA,?resulting?in?the?inhibition of?the?production?of?Hsp27?protein.
- GC35367 APG-115 APG-115 (APG-115) is an orally active MDM2 protein inhibitor binding to MDM2 protein with IC50 and Ki values of 3.8 nM and 1 nM, respectively. APG-115 blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner.
- GC35369 Apigenin-7-glucuronide Apigenin-7-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
- GC13130 Apixaban An inhibitor of Factor Xa
- GC62845 Apoatropine hydrochloride
- GC14209 Apoptosis Activator 2 An activator of caspases
- GC10160 Apoptosis Inhibitor A cell-permeable inhibitor of caspase-3 activation
- GC14411 Apoptozole inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)
- GC49843 Aposcopolamine A tropane alkaloid and an active metabolite of scopolamine
- GC60591 Apovincaminic acid hydrochloride salt Apovincaminic acid hydrochloride salt is an orally active and brain-penetrant main active metabolite of Vinpocetine (VP).
- GC35377 Apratastat An inhibitor of ADAM17 and MMPs
-
GC12900
Aprotinin
A serine protease inhibitor
- GC45385 Ara-G
- GC61691 Arabinose Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite.
- GC35379 Arachidic acid A longchain saturated fatty acid