Proteases
Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Targets for Proteases
- Caspase(88)
- Aminopeptidase(19)
- ACE(69)
- Calpains(11)
- Carboxypeptidase(8)
- Cathepsin(68)
- DPP-4(18)
- Elastase(23)
- Gamma Secretase(46)
- HCV Protease(35)
- HSP(95)
- HIV Integrase(29)
- HIV Protease(32)
- MMP(199)
- NS3/4a protease(4)
- Serine Protease(11)
- Thrombin(46)
- Urokinase(2)
- Cysteine Protease(0)
- Other Proteases(15)
- Tyrosinases(44)
- 15-PGDH(1)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(13)
- Acyltransferase(53)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)(27)
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase(9)
- ATGL(1)
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase(47)
- Drug Metabolite(453)
- E1/E2/E3 Enzyme(82)
- Endogenous Metabolite(1555)
- FABP(30)
- Farnesyl Transferase(21)
- Glutaminase(14)
- Glutathione Peroxidase(14)
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)(26)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase(17)
- Lipoxygenase(231)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism(201)
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(6)
- Neprilysin(12)
- PAI-1(12)
- Ser/Thr Protease(40)
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(11)
- Xanthine Oxidase(16)
- MALT1(10)
- PCSK9(1)
Products for Proteases
- Cat.No. Product Name Information
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GC31602
Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid)
Adrenic Acid
Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) is a naturally polyunsaturated fatty acid in the adrenal gland, brain, kidney, and vasculature. -
GC42742
ADT-OH
ACS1
ADT-OH is a derivative of anethole dithiolethione (ADT) and synthetic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. - GC32016 AE-3763 AE-3763 is a peptide-based human neutrophil elastase inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM.
-
GC14502
AEBSF.HCl
Pefabloc SC
AEBSF.HCl is a broad-spectrum irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases, which can inhibit chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin and related thrombolytic enzymes.
-
GC35261
Aflatoxin B1
AFB1, HSDB 3453, NSC 529592
Aflatoxin B1, as a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, always lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. - GC46812 Aflatoxin G1-13C17 An internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G1
-
GC35262
Afzelin
Kaempferin, Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, Kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside
A polyphenolic glycoside flavone with diverse biological activities -
GC15601
AG-120
Invosidenib
AG-120 (AG-120) is an orally active inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant (mIDH1) enzyme, it exhibits profound d-2-hydroxyglutatrate (2-HG) lowering in vivo. -
GC13147
AG-221 (Enasidenib)
AG-221, CC-90007
AG-221 (Enasidenib) is an oral, potent, reversible, selective inhibitor of the IDH2 mutant enzymes, with IC50s of 100 and 400 nM against IDH2R140Q and IDH2R172K, respectively. - GC63642 Agaric acid Agaric acid (Agaricinic Acid) is obtained from various plants of the fungous tribe, i.
-
GC10531
AGI-5198
AGI5198, AGI 5198
A potent, selective inhibitor of IDH1 mutations -
GC14757
AGI-6780
AGI 6780;AGI6780
A potent, selective inhibitor of mutant IDH2 -
GC16831
Agmatine sulfate
NIH 11035
α2-adrenergic receptor ligand -
GC16138
AHU-377 hemicalcium salt
Sacubitril
AHU-377 hemicalcium salt (AHU-377 hemicalcium salt) is a potent NEP inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. -
GC10146
AHU-377(Sacubitril)
Sacubitril
AHU-377(Sacubitril) (AHU-377) is a potent and orally active NEP (neprilysin) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. -
GC46820
AHU377-d4
Sacubitril-d4
AHU377-d4 (AHU-377-d4) is the deuterium labeled Sacubitril. -
GC49773
Albendazole sulfone-d3
ABZ-SO2-d3, ABZ-SOO-d3
An internal standard for the quantification of albendazole sulfone -
GC16597
Alda 1
ALDH2 activator
- GC64063 ALDH1A1-IN-2 ALDH1A1-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (aldh1a1). Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) constitute a family of enzymes that play a critical role in oxidizing various cytotoxic xenogenic and biogenic aldehydes. ALDH1A1-IN-2 has the potential for the research of cancer, inflammation, or obesity (extracted from patent WO2019089626A1, compound 295).
- GC67782 ALDH1A2-IN-1
- GC68464 ALDH1A3-IN-1
- GC68462 ALDH1A3-IN-2
- GC64618 ALDH1A3-IN-3 ALDH1A3-IN-3 (compound 16) is a potent inhibitor of ALDH1A3, with an IC50 of 0.26 μM. ALDH1A3-IN-3 is also a good ALDH3A1 substrate. ALDH1A3-IN-3 can be used for the research of prostate cancer.
-
GC41390
Aldosterone
18-Aldocorticosterone, NSC 73856, Reichstein X
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex and is the principle mineralocorticoid controlling sodium and potassium balance
-
GC65281
Aleplasinin
PAZ-417
Aleplasinin is an orally active, potent, BBB-penetrated and selectiveSERPINE1 (PAI-1, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) inhibitor. - GC65044 Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) is a human monoclonal antibody inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).
-
GC19584
Alkaline Phosphatase
10-50units/mg protein(37℃,pH 9.8)
-
GC14511
all-trans Retinal
Retinaldehyde,Vitamin A aldehyde
converted to retinoic acid in vivo -
GC42769
all-trans Retinoyl β-D-Glucuronide
Retinoyl Glucuronide, Retinoyl β-D Glucuronide
all-trans Retinoyl β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of all-trans retinoic acid formed by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) system. -
GC18539
all-trans-4-hydroxy Retinoic Acid
4-OH-atRA, 4-hydroxy RA
all-trans-4-hydroxy Retinoic acid is a metabolite of all-trans retinoic acid formed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP26A1, B1, and C1. -
GC31420
all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid (all-trans 4-Keto Retinoic Acid)
all-trans-4-keto Retinoic Acid, all-trans-4-oxo RA, all-trans-4-oxo Retinoic Acid, 4-keto atRA, 4-oxo RA
all-trans-4-Oxoretinoic acid (all-trans 4-Keto Retinoic Acid), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs). - GC61487 all-trans-Anhydro Retinol all-trans-Anhydro Retinol (Anhydrovitamin A) is a metabolite of Vitamin A.
- GC60574 Allantoic acid Allantoic acid is a degradative product of uric acid and associated with purine metabolism.
-
GN10492
Allantoin
(±)-Allantoin, NSC 7606, SD 101, 5-Ureidohydantoin
-
GC33807
Alloepipregnanolone
Isopregnanolone, NSC 97078, 5α-dihydro Pregnenolone, Sepranolone
An Analytical Reference Standard -
GC15322
Allopurinol
Zyloprim; Lopurin; Zyloric
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor -
GC35295
Allopurinol riboside
Allopurinol Ribonucleoside, NSC 138437, NSC 252629
A ribonucleoside - GC38734 Allotetrahydrocortisol Allotetrahydrocortisol (5a-Tetrahydrocortisol) is a metabolite of Cortisol.
- GC15130 Alogliptin (SYR-322)
-
GC13949
Alogliptin Benzoate
SYR-322
A DPP-4 inhibitor - GC35300 Aloin(mixture of A&B) Aloin (mixture of A&B) is anthraquinone derivative isolated from Aloe vera.
- GC38885 alpha-D-glucose alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.
- GC19750 alpha-L-Rhamnose
-
GC17347
Alprostadil
Prostaglandin E1, PGE1;Prostaglandin E1
Alprostadil (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. -
GC18437
Alternariol monomethyl ether
AME, NSC 638262
Alternariol monomethyl ether, isolated from the roots of Anthocleista djalonensis (Loganiaceae), is an important taxonomic marker of the plant species. -
GC14785
Alvelestat
AZD9668
NE inhibitor - GC33356 AM-8735 AM-8735 is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 25 nM.
- GC42777 Amastatin (hydrochloride) Amastatin is a slow, tight binding, competitive aminopeptidase (AP) inhibitor, first described as an inhibitor of human serum AP-A (glutamyl AP; IC50 = 0.54 μg/ml) but not of AP-B (arginine AP).
- GC48611 Ambroxol-d5 An internal standard for the quantification of ambroxol
-
GC15828
AMG232
AMG 232;AMG-232
AMG232 (AMG 232) is a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of p53-MDM2 interaction, with an IC50 of 0.6 nM. AMG232 binds to MDM2 with a Kd of 0.045 nM. - GC32149 Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-1 Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-1 is a bacterial aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) inhibitor.
- GC35320 Aminoadipic acid Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine.
-
GC61563
Aminohexylgeldanamycin
AHGDM
Aminohexylgeldanamycin (AHGDM), a Geldanamycin derivative, is a potent HSP90 inhibitor. Aminohexylgeldanamycin shows antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. - GC35321 Aminomalonic acid Aminomalonic acid is an amino endogenous metabolite, acts as a strong inhibitor of L-asparagine synthetase from Leukemia 5178Y/AR (Ki= 0.0023 M) and mouse pancreas (Ki= 0.0015 M) in vitro. Aminomalonic acid is a potential biomarker to discriminate between different stages of melanoma metastasis.
- GC42788 Aminopeptidase N Inhibitor Aminopeptidase N (AP-N) inhibitor is a reversible inhibitor of AP-N/CD13 (IC50 = 25 μM).
- GC67997 Aminopeptidase-IN-1
-
GC18274
Amiprofos-methyl
APM, NSC 313446
Amiprofos-methyl (APM) is a phosphoric amide herbicide. -
GC52059
AMOZ
3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone
-
GC39477
AMP-PCP disodium
AMP-PCP disodium is an ATP analogue and can bind to Hsp90 N-terminal domain with a Kd value of 3.8 μM. AMP-PCP disodium binding favors the formation of the active homodimer of Hsp90.
-
GC14152
Amprenavir (agenerase)
APV, Prozei, VX478, 141W94
A selective HIV protease inhibitor - GC33484 Ampyrone (4-Aminoantipyrine)
-
GP10057
Amyloid β-Peptide (10-20) (human)
Tyr-Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe
-
GC41211
Anacardic Acid Diene
Anacardic Acid 15:2
Anacardic acid diene is a polyunsaturated form of anacardic acid that has been found in cashew nut shell liquid. -
GC41531
Anacardic Acid Triene
Anacardic Acid 15:3
Anacardic acid triene is a polyunsaturated form of anacardic acid that has been found in cashew nut shell liquid. - GC31341 Anagliptin (SK-0403) Anagliptin (SK-0403) (SK-0403) is a highly selective, potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with an IC50 of 3.8 nM, and less selective at DPP-8 and DDP-9 with IC50s of 68 nM and 60 nM, respectively.
-
GC35339
Anandamide
AEA, Anandamide
An immune modulator in the central nervous system -
GC46854
Anastrozole-d12
Anastrol-d12
An internal standard for the quantification of anastrozole -
GC42806
Andrastin A
NSC 697452
Andrastin A is a meroterpenoid farnesyltransferase inhibitor. -
GC30842
Androsterone (5α-Androstan-3α-ol-17-one)
Androkinin, NSC 9898
An androgenic steroid
-
GP10077
Angiotensin (1-7)
Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro
Ang-(1-7) (H - Asp - Arg - Val - Tyr - Ile - His - Pro - OH) is an endogenous peptide fragment that can be produced from Ang I or Ang II via endo- or carboxy-peptidases respectively[1].
-
GC61496
Angiotensin (1-7) (acetate)
Ang-(1-7) (acetate)
Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) acetate is an endogenous heptapeptide from the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with a cardioprotective role due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in cardiac cells. - GA20760 Angiotensin A (1-7) Angiotensin A (1-7), a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vasoactive peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor MrgD.
- GC35355 Angiotensin III
- GC35356 Angiotensin III TFA
- GC32604 Angiotensinogen (1-14), human Angiotensinogen (1-14), human is a fragment of the renin substrate angiotensinogen.
-
GC61511
Angstrom6
A6 Peptide
Angstrom6 (A6 Peptide) is an 8 amino-acid peptide derived from single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) and interferes with the uPA/uPAR cascade and abrogates downstream effects. Angstrom6 binds to CD44 resulting in the inhibition of migration, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, and the modulation of CD44-mediated cell signaling. - GC14937 Anguizole
- GC30722 Anserine Anserine, a methylated form of Carnosine, is an orally active, natural Histidine-containing dipeptide found in skeletal muscle of vertebrates.
-
GC42818
Antimycin A1
Antimycin A, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties, is a mixture of Antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4.
- GC18621 Antimycin A2 Antimycin A2 is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex.
- GC42820 Antimycin A4 Antimycin A4 is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex that is more polar than antimycin A1, antimycin A2, and antimycin A3.
- GC35361 Antineoplaston A10 Antineoplaston A10, a naturally occurring substance in human body, is a Ras inhibitor potentially for the treatment of glioma, lymphoma, astrocytoma and breast cancer.
- GC40032 Antipain (hydrochloride) Antipain (hydrochloride) is a protease inhibitor isolated from Actinomycetes.
- GC42821 AP219 AP39 is a compound used to increase the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within mitochondria.
- GC42823 AP39 AP39 is a compound used to increase the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within mitochondria.
-
GC65035
Apatorsen
OGX-427
Apatorsen?is?an?antisense?oligonucleotide?designed?to?bind?to?Hsp27?mRNA,?resulting?in?the?inhibition of?the?production?of?Hsp27?protein.
-
GC35367
APG-115
AA-115
APG-115 (APG-115) is an orally active MDM2 protein inhibitor binding to MDM2 protein with IC50 and Ki values of 3.8 nM and 1 nM, respectively. APG-115 blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. - GC35369 Apigenin-7-glucuronide Apigenin-7-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
-
GC13130
Apixaban
BMS 562247-01
An inhibitor of Factor Xa - GC62845 Apoatropine hydrochloride
-
GC14209
Apoptosis Activator 2
AAII, N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) Isatin
An activator of caspases - GC10160 Apoptosis Inhibitor A cell-permeable inhibitor of caspase-3 activation
-
GC14411
Apoptozole
Apoptosis Activator VII
inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) -
GC49843
Aposcopolamine
Apohyoscine
A tropane alkaloid and an active metabolite of scopolamine - GC60591 Apovincaminic acid hydrochloride salt Apovincaminic acid hydrochloride salt is an orally active and brain-penetrant main active metabolite of Vinpocetine (VP).
-
GC35377
Apratastat
TMI-005
An inhibitor of ADAM17 and MMPs -
GC12900
Aprotinin
Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor, BPTI
A serine protease inhibitor
-
GC45385
Ara-G
ara-Guanosine, Guanine Arabinoside, NSC 76352
- GC61691 Arabinose Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite.
-
GC35379
Arachidic acid
Arachic Acid, C20:0, nEicosanoic Acid, Icosanoic Acid, NSC 93983
A longchain saturated fatty acid